Introduction
Welcome to a journey through the intricate landscape of managerial economics! This blog post presents a challenging set of 100 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) designed to test and enrich your understanding of key concepts. Whether you’re a student diving into the world of economics or a seasoned professional brushing up on fundamentals, this quiz is tailor-made for you.
Why Managerial Economics Matters
Managerial economics bridges the gap between economic theories and real-world business decisions. It empowers individuals to make informed choices by applying economic principles to managerial practices. This quiz explores various aspects, from market structures to production analysis, guiding you through the essentials.
The Quiz: A Glimpse into the Dynamics of Managerial Economics
Note: For the complete set of 100 MCQs and their answers, visit datatipss.com/economics.
Managerial Economics Questions 1- 50 :
| Question | Option A | Option B | Option C | Option D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. What is the primary focus of managerial economics? | a. Microeconomic principles | b. Macroeconomic principles | c. Both microeconomic and macroeconomic principles | d. Financial accounting principles |
| 2. In managerial economics, the concept of elasticity measures: | a. The responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in income | b. The responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price | c. The responsiveness of supply to changes in price | d. The responsiveness of quantity supplied to changes in income |
| 3. The point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue is known as: | a. Break-even point | b. Profit-maximizing output | c. Shutdown point | d. Equilibrium point |
| 4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market? | a. High barriers to entry | b. Homogeneous products | c. Limited number of firms | d. Pricing power for individual firms |
| 5. What is the formula for calculating total revenue? | a. Price ร Quantity | b. Price – Quantity | c. Price รท Quantity | d. Price + Quantity |
| 6. Which market structure is characterized by a small number of large firms dominating the industry? | a. Perfect competition | b. Monopoly | c. Oligopoly | d. Monopolistic competition |
| 7. The law of diminishing marginal returns states that: | a. Total output increases at a decreasing rate as one input is increased | b. Total output increases at a constant rate as one input is increased | c. Total output increases at an increasing rate as one input is increased | d. Total output remains constant as one input is increased |
| 8. In the short run, a perfectly competitive firm will shut down if: | a. Total revenue is less than total variable cost | b. Total revenue is less than total cost | c. Total revenue is less than fixed cost | d. Total revenue is less than marginal cost |
| 9. What is the primary goal of a profit-maximizing firm? | a. Maximizing total revenue | b. Maximizing market share | c. Maximizing profit | d. Minimizing costs |
| 10. In a monopolistic market, the demand curve is usually: | a. Perfectly elastic | b. Perfectly inelastic | c. Relatively elastic | d. Relatively inelastic |
| 11. Which of the following is a characteristic of a monopolistic competition market? | a. Identical products | b. Many sellers | c. Limited product differentiation | d. Price-taking behavior |
| 12. What is the formula for calculating price elasticity of demand? | a. (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price) | b. (% Change in Price) / (% Change in Quantity Demanded) | c. (% Change in Quantity Supplied) / (% Change in Price) | d. (% Change in Price) ร (% Change in Quantity Demanded) |
| 13. In a perfectly competitive market, the demand curve for a single firm is: | a. Upward-sloping | b. Horizontal | c. Downward-sloping | d. Vertical |
| 14. Which of the following is a short-run decision for a firm? | a. Entering a new market | b. Building a new factory | c. Hiring more workers | d. Developing a new product |
| 15. The price elasticity of demand for a necessity is generally: | a. Elastic | b. Inelastic | c. Unitary elastic | d. Perfectly elastic |
| 16. What is the role of a production possibility curve (PPC)? | a. Depicting consumer preferences | b. Illustrating the trade-off between two goods | c. Maximizing profit for a firm | d. Calculating market equilibrium |
| 17. In the long run, a perfectly competitive firm will adjust production until: | a. Total cost equals total revenue | b. Marginal cost equals marginal revenue | c. Average cost equals marginal cost | d. Average cost equals average revenue |
| 18. Which of the following is a characteristic of a public good? | a. Excludable | b. Rivalrous | c. Non-excludable | d. Non-rivalrous |
| 19. What is the formula for calculating total cost? | a. Fixed Cost + Variable Cost | b. Fixed Cost – Variable Cost | c. Fixed Cost ร Variable Cost | d. Fixed Cost รท Variable Cost |
| 20. The process of determining the best way to use a firm’s resources to produce goods and services is known as: | a. Cost analysis | b. Production optimization | c. Resource allocation | d. Marginal analysis |
| 21. When marginal cost is less than average total cost, which of the following is true? | a. Average total cost is increasing | b. Average total cost is decreasing | c. Average total cost is at its minimum | d. Average total cost is constant |
| 22. Which of the following is a characteristic of a natural monopoly? | a. High barriers to entry | b. Multiple firms in the market | c. Low average total cost | d. Limited market power |
| 23. The difference between total revenue and total variable cost is known as: | a. Economic profit | b. Accounting profit | c. Sunk cost | d. Opportunity cost |
| 24. What is the primary determinant of price elasticity of demand? | a. Availability of substitutes | b. Total revenue | c. Market structure | d. Producer surplus |
| 25. In game theory, a strategy that is best for a player regardless of the strategies chosen by others is known as: | a. Dominant strategy | b. Nash equilibrium | c. Mixed strategy | d. Sequential strategy |
| 26. Which of the following is an example of a positive externality? | a. Pollution | b. Education | c. Traffic congestion | d. Overfishing |
| 27. The point at which total cost and total revenue are equal is known as: | a. Break-even point | b. Shutdown point | c. Profit-maximizing output | d. Equilibrium point |
| 28. What is the formula for calculating marginal revenue? | a. Change in Total Revenue / Change in Quantity | b. Total Revenue / Quantity | c. Change in Total Revenue / Change in Price | d. Change in Quantity / Change in Total Revenue |
| 29. Which of the following is a characteristic of a command economy? | a. Private ownership of resources | b. Centralized government planning | c. Market-driven prices | d. Competition among firms |
| 30. The slope of the demand curve in a perfectly competitive market is: | a. Positive | b. Negative | c. Zero | d. Infinite |
| 31. What is the primary function of the Federal Reserve in the United States? | a. Fiscal policy | b. Monetary policy | c. Regulatory oversight | d. Tax collection |
| 32. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is used to measure: | a. Inflation | b. Unemployment | c. Economic growth | d. Consumer spending |
| 33. Which of the following is a measure of the concentration of market power in an industry? | a. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) | b. Consumer Price Index (CPI) | c. Producer Price Index (PPI) | d. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
| 34. What is the opportunity cost of a decision? | a. The explicit cost incurred | b. The value of the best alternative forgone | c. The total cost of production | d. The variable costs involved |
| 35. Which of the following is a characteristic of monopolistic competition? | a. Identical products | b. Perfectly elastic demand curve | c. Limited product differentiation | d. Price-taking behavior |
| 36. When is the market in long-run equilibrium? | a. When quantity supplied equals quantity demanded | b. When there is excess supply | c. When there is excess demand | d. When the government intervenes |
| 37. The Lorenz curve is used to illustrate: | a. Market equilibrium | b. Income inequality | c. Consumer surplus | d. Producer surplus |
| 38. What is the formula for calculating the price elasticity of supply? | a. (% Change in Quantity Supplied) / (% Change in Price) | b. (% Change in Price) / (% Change in Quantity Supplied) | c. (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price) | d. (% Change in Price) ร (% Change in Quantity Supplied) |
| 39. The concept of “perfect competition” assumes: | a. Many sellers and differentiated products | b. Many sellers and homogeneous products | c. Few sellers and differentiated products | d. Few sellers and homogeneous products |
| 40. In cost accounting, what is considered a variable cost? | a. Rent | b. Raw materials | c. Insurance | d. Depreciation |
| 41. The term “market failure” refers to: | a. The inability of the market to allocate resources efficiently | b. The government’s interference in the market | c. The absence of competition in the market | d. The success of monopolies in the market |
| 42. Which of the following is an example of a regressive tax? | a. Income tax | b. Sales tax | c. Property tax | d. Corporate tax |
| 43. The law of demand states that: | a. There is a direct relationship between price and quantity demanded | b. There is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded | c. There is a positive correlation between price and quantity demanded | d. There is no relationship between price and quantity demanded |
| 44. What is the purpose of cost-benefit analysis? | a. Maximizing profits | b. Minimizing costs | c. Comparing the benefits and costs of a decision | d. Allocating resources efficiently |
| 45. In a monopolistic market, what is true about barriers to entry? | a. They are low | b. They are non-existent | c. They are high | d. They are constant |
| 46. What is the primary objective of antitrust laws? | a. To promote competition and prevent anticompetitive practices | b. To restrict international trade | c. To regulate prices in the market | d. To protect consumers from low-quality products |
| 47. When a firm is producing at the minimum point of its average total cost curve, it is operating at: | a. Allocative efficiency | b. Productive efficiency | c. Profit-maximizing output | d. Shutdown point |
| 48. Which of the following is an example of a positive economic statement? | a. The government should increase spending on education | b. High taxes lead to economic inefficiency | c. The unemployment rate is 5% | d. Pollution is harmful to the environment |
| 49. What is the purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO)? | a. To promote global economic inequality | b. To regulate international financial markets | c. To facilitate international trade and resolve trade disputes | d. To control global monetary policy |
| 50. What does the term “ceteris paribus” mean in economics? | a. All else being equal | b. Holding constant all other variables | c. The law of increasing opportunity cost | d. The assumption of scarcity |
Note Key of above questions at the end of page
Managerial Economics Questions 51- 100 :
| Question | Option A | Option B | Option C | Option D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51. What is the formula for calculating average revenue? | a. Total Revenue / Quantity | b. Quantity / Total Revenue | c. Change in Total Revenue / Change in Quantity | d. Change in Quantity / Change in Total Revenue |
| 52. In a monopoly, the firm is a: | a. Price taker | b. Price maker | c. Wage taker | d. Wage maker |
| 53. A perfectly competitive firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity where: | a. Marginal cost equals average total cost | b. Marginal cost equals marginal revenue | c. Average total cost is minimized | d. Average total cost equals average revenue |
| 54. Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost? | a. Raw materials | b. Utilities | c. Rent | d. Direct labor |
| 55. In the long run, a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market will adjust its production until: | a. Total revenue equals total cost | b. Marginal cost equals average total cost | c. Marginal cost equals marginal revenue | d. Average total cost is minimized |
| 56. What is the purpose of the Consumer Surplus concept in microeconomics? | a. To measure the well-being of producers | b. To measure the well-being of consumers | c. To calculate producer profits | d. To determine market equilibrium |
| 57. In a monopolistic market, how does the quantity produced compare to the quantity produced in a perfectly competitive market? | a. Less than | b. Equal to | c. Greater than | d. It cannot be determined |
| 58. What is the formula for calculating economic profit? | a. Total Revenue – Total Cost | b. Marginal Revenue – Marginal Cost | c. Average Revenue – Average Cost | d. Price – Average Total Cost |
| 59. Which of the following is a characteristic of a public good? | a. Excludable | b. Rivalrous | c. Non-excludable | d. Non-rivalrous |
| 60. The concept of “price elasticity of supply” measures: | a. The responsiveness of quantity supplied to changes in price | b. The responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in income | c. The responsiveness of demand to changes in price | d. The responsiveness of supply to changes in income |
| 61. In the long run, a perfectly competitive firm will earn: | a. Economic profit | b. Normal profit | c. Accounting profit | d. Zero profit |
| 62. Which of the following is an example of a regressive tax? | a. Income tax | b. Sales tax | c. Property tax | d. Corporate tax |
| 63. What does the term “deadweight loss” refer to in economics? | a. Loss of profits for a monopolist | b. Loss of consumer surplus due to taxes or other market interventions | c. Loss of producer surplus due to competition | d. Loss of utility for consumers |
| 64. The law of diminishing marginal utility suggests that: | a. Total utility increases as the quantity consumed increases | b. Marginal utility increases as the quantity consumed increases | c. Total utility decreases as the quantity consumed increases | d. Marginal utility decreases as the quantity consumed increases |
| 65. In a production possibility curve, the opportunity cost is represented by: | a. The slope of the curve | b. The x-intercept | c. The y-intercept | d. The area under the curve |
| 66. Which of the following is a characteristic of a command economy? | a. Private ownership of resources | b. Centralized government planning | c. Market-driven prices | d. Competition among firms |
| 67. The term “marginal analysis” refers to: | a. Analyzing the changes in total cost | b. Analyzing the changes in average cost | c. Analyzing the changes in additional units of an activity | d. Analyzing the changes in fixed costs |
| 68. If a good has many close substitutes, its price elasticity of demand is likely to be: | a. Elastic | b. Inelastic | c. Unitary elastic | d. Perfectly elastic |
| 69. What is the formula for calculating average total cost? | a. Total Cost / Quantity | b. Variable Cost / Quantity | c. Fixed Cost / Quantity | d. (Fixed Cost + Variable Cost) / Quantity |
| 70. Which of the following is an example of a negative externality? | a. Education | b. Pollution | c. Public parks | d. Healthcare |
| 71. The term “comparative advantage” refers to: | a. The ability to produce a good with the fewest resources | b. The ability to produce a good at the lowest opportunity cost | c. The ability to produce a good at the highest opportunity cost | d. The ability to produce a good with the most resources |
| 72. What is the purpose of a budget constraint in consumer theory? | a. To illustrate the choices consumers face when purchasing goods | b. To determine the prices of goods in the market | c. To maximize utility for consumers | d. To minimize production costs for firms |
| 73. A firm experiencing economies of scale means that: | a. Average total cost is decreasing as output increases | b. Average total cost is increasing as output increases | c. Marginal cost is decreasing as output increases | d. Marginal cost is increasing as output increases |
| 74. The term “moral hazard” refers to: | a. The tendency for people to increase their effort when their income increases | b. The risk that one party may take advantage of asymmetric information | c. The idea that individuals will act recklessly because they are protected from the consequences of their actions | d. The potential for market failure |
| 75. In a monopolistic market, the price charged by the firm is determined by: | a. Market forces of supply and demand | b. The firm’s average total cost | c. The firm’s marginal cost | d. The firm’s average variable cost |
| 76. What is the purpose of the Phillips Curve in macroeconomics? | a. To depict the relationship between inflation and unemployment | b. To measure the impact of fiscal policy on the economy | c. To analyze the effects of international trade on domestic industries | d. To predict changes in consumer spending |
| 77. The term “opportunity cost” is best defined as: | a. The total cost of production | b. The cost of the next best alternative foregone | c. The variable costs incurred | d. The explicit costs of production |
| 78. Which of the following is a characteristic of a monopolistic competition market? | a. Identical products | b. Many sellers | c. Limited product differentiation | d. Price-taking behavior |
| 79. What is the formula for calculating total variable cost? | a. Total Cost – Fixed Cost | b. Fixed Cost / Quantity | c. Variable Cost / Quantity | d. Total Cost / Quantity |
| 80. Which of the following is an example of a positive economic statement? | a. The government should increase spending on education | b. High taxes lead to economic inefficiency | c. The unemployment rate is 5% | d. Pollution is harmful to the environment |
| 81. The term “asymmetric information” refers to a situation where: | a. Buyers and sellers have the same information | b. One party in a transaction has more information than the other | c. Prices are transparent in the market | d. There is perfect competition |
| 82. The concept of “perfect competition” assumes: | a. Many sellers and differentiated products | b. Many sellers and homogeneous products | c. Few sellers and differentiated products | d. Few sellers and homogeneous products |
| 83. What is the primary purpose of the unemployment rate in macroeconomics? | a. To measure the overall health of the economy | b. To measure the efficiency of labor markets | c. To calculate the level of inflation | d. To determine government spending |
| 84. In a competitive market, when a good has an external benefit, the market equilibrium quantity is: | a. Too high | b. Too low | c. Efficient | d. Inefficient |
| 85. The concept of “nominal GDP” refers to: | a. GDP adjusted for inflation | b. GDP measured in current market prices | c. GDP measured in constant prices | d. GDP measured per capita |
| 86. Which of the following is a measure of income inequality? | a. Consumer Price Index (CPI) | b. Lorenz Curve | c. Phillips Curve | d. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) |
| 87. What is the purpose of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in the United States? | a. To regulate the banking industry | b. To control the money supply and interest rates | c. To oversee international trade agreements | d. To manage government spending |
| 88. In game theory, a Nash equilibrium occurs when: | a. Each player makes the best decision given the other player’s decision | b. Only one player makes the best decision | c. Players make random decisions | d. Players collaborate to maximize joint profits |
| 89. The term “crowding out” refers to: | a. The expansion of private investment due to government spending | b. The reduction in private investment due to government borrowing | c. The impact of inflation on interest rates | d. The effects of trade deficits on the economy |
| 90. Which of the following is a characteristic of a merit good? | a. Excludable | b. Rivalrous | c. Non-excludable | d. Non-rivalrous |
| 91. What is the primary purpose of fiscal policy? | a. To control the money supply | b. To regulate international trade | c. To manage government spending and taxation | d. To oversee financial markets |
| 92. What does the term “liquidity trap” refer to in macroeconomics? | a. A situation where interest rates are very high | b. A situation where interest rates are very low | c. A situation where inflation is uncontrollable | d. A situation where consumer spending is stagnant |
| 93. The concept of “complementary goods” refers to goods that: | a. Are always consumed together | b. Are never consumed together | c. Are substitutes for each other | d. Are unrelated in consumption |
| 94. The term “stagflation” refers to a situation where: | a. Unemployment is high, and inflation is low | b. Unemployment is low, and inflation is high | c. Unemployment and inflation are both low | d. Unemployment and inflation are both high |
| 95. Which of the following is a measure of the money supply in the United States? | a. M1 | b. M2 | c. M3 | d. M4 |
| 96. What is the purpose of the Lorenz Curve in income distribution analysis? | a. To illustrate the trade-offs between two goods | b. To determine market equilibrium | c. To measure income inequality | d. To calculate consumer surplus |
| 97. In financial markets, the term “arbitrage” refers to: | a. The buying and selling of government securities | b. The practice of buying and selling assets to take advantage of price differences | c. The regulation of interest rates by central banks | d. The process of issuing new shares of stock |
| 98. What is the formula for calculating total cost? | a. Fixed Cost + Variable Cost | b. Fixed Cost – Variable Cost | c. Fixed Cost ร Variable Cost | d. Fixed Cost รท Variable Cost |
| 99. Which of the following is a characteristic of a free-market economy? | a. Centralized government planning | b. Government ownership of resources | c. Private ownership of resources | d. Limited competition among firms |
| 100. The term “Pareto efficiency” refers to: | a. The maximum level of output a firm can produce | b. A situation where it is impossible to make someone better off without making someone worse off | c. The equilibrium level of unemployment in the economy | d. The level of output that maximizes social welfare |
Managerial Economics Answers 1- 50 :
| Question | Correct Option |
|---|---|
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | b |
| 4 | b |
| 5 | a |
| 6 | c |
| 7 | a |
| 8 | a |
| 9 | c |
| 10 | d |
| 11 | d |
| 12 | a |
| 13 | b |
| 14 | c |
| 15 | b |
| 16 | b |
| 17 | b |
| 18 | c |
| 19 | a |
| 20 | c |
| 21 | b |
| 22 | c |
| 23 | a |
| 24 | a |
| 25 | a |
| 26 | b |
| 27 | a |
| 28 | c |
| 29 | b |
| 30 | b |
| 31 | b |
| 32 | a |
| 33 | a |
| 34 | b |
| 35 | d |
| 36 | a |
| 37 | b |
| 38 | a |
| 39 | b |
| 40 | b |
| 41 | a |
| 42 | b |
| 43 | b |
| 44 | c |
| 45 | c |
| 46 | a |
| 47 | b |
| 48 | c |
| 49 | c |
| 50 | a |
Managerial Economics Answers 51- 100 :
| Question | Correct Option |
|---|---|
| 51 | a |
| 52 | b |
| 53 | c |
| 54 | c |
| 55 | d |
| 56 | b |
| 57 | c |
| 58 | a |
| 59 | c |
| 60 | a |
| 61 | b |
| 62 | b |
| 63 | b |
| 64 | c |
| 65 | a |
| 66 | b |
| 67 | c |
| 68 | a |
| 69 | d |
| 70 | b |
| 71 | b |
| 72 | a |
| 73 | a |
| 74 | c |
| 75 | c |
| 76 | a |
| 77 | b |
| 78 | d |
| 79 | c |
| 80 | c |
| 81 | b |
| 82 | b |
| 83 | b |
| 84 | b |
| 85 | b |
| 86 | b |
| 87 | b |
| 88 | a |
| 89 | b |
| 90 | a |
| 91 | c |
| 92 | b |
| 93 | a |
| 94 | b |
| 95 | b |
| 96 | c |
| 97 | b |
| 98 | a |
| 99 | c |
| 100 | b |
Key Concepts Explored in the Quiz
- Market Structures: Delve into the characteristics of perfectly competitive markets, monopolies, oligopolies, and monopolistic competitions.
- Production Analysis: Explore the relationship between inputs and outputs, understanding concepts like the law of diminishing marginal returns.
- Cost and Revenue: Grasp the nuances of cost accounting, profit maximization, and revenue calculation.
Why Take the Quiz?
- Test Your Knowledge: Assess your grasp on managerial economics principles.
- Learn and Review: Reinforce your understanding with detailed explanations provided for each question.
- Challenge Your Peers: Share your scores and challenge your friends or colleagues to take the quiz.
Unlock Your Score and Learn More
For a complete experience, head over to datatipss.com/economics to access the full set of 100 MCQs. Engage with the answers provided and deepen your knowledge of managerial economics.
Conclusion
Managerial economics is a dynamic field; continuous learning is the key to mastering its intricacies. Whether you’re a student aiming for academic excellence or a professional seeking to enhance decision-making skills, this quiz is a stepping stone toward that goal. Embrace the challenge, enjoy the learning journey, and share your experiences with fellow enthusiasts.
Happy quizzing!
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ะัะฝะพะฒะฝัะต ะพัะพะฑะตะฝะฝะพััะธ Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะณัั:
1. ะ ะตะฐะปะธััะธัะฝะฐั ะณัะฐัะธะบะฐ ะธ ัะธะทะธะบะฐ โ ะฑะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัั ะฟะตัะตะดะพะฒะพะน ะณัะฐัะธะบะต ะธ ัะตะฐะปะธััะธัะฝะพะน ัะธะทะธะบะต ะฒั ะฟะพััะฒััะฒัะตัะต ัะตะฑั ะฝะฐััะพััะธะผ ะฟะธะปะพัะพะผ.
2. ะ ะฐะทะฝะพะพะฑัะฐะทะฝัะต ัะตะถะธะผั ะธะณัั ะธ ะผะธััะธะธ โ ะฒ Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะณัะต ะฒั ัะผะพะถะตัะต ะฒัะฑัะฐัั ัะฐะทะปะธัะฝัะต ัะตะถะธะผั ะธะณัั, ัะฐะบะธะต ะบะฐะบ ะณะพะฝะบะธ, ัะธะผัะปััะพั ะฟะพะปะตัะพะฒ ะธ ะทะฐั ะฒะฐััะฒะฐััะธะต ะฒะพะทะดััะฝัะต ะฑะพะธ. ะัะพะผะต ัะพะณะพ, ะบะฐะถะดะฐั ะผะธััะธั ะฑัะดะตั ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐัั ัะฒะพะธ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ะฒัะทะพะฒั ะธ ะทะฐะดะฐัะธ.
3. ะฃะปัััะตะฝะธะต ะธ ะผะพะดะตัะฝะธะทะฐัะธั ัะฐะผะพะปะตัะพะฒ โ ะฒ ะธะณัะต ะดะพัััะฟะฝั ัะฐะทะปะธัะฝัะต ะผะพะดะตะปะธ ัะฐะผะพะปะตัะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฟะพะบัะฟะฐัั ะธ ัะปัััะฐัั. ะั ัะผะพะถะตัะต ัััะฐะฝะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐัั ะฝะพะฒะพะต ะพะฑะพััะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต, ัะปัััะฐัั ะดะฒะธะณะฐัะตะปัะฝะพััั ะธ ะผะพัะฝะพััั ัะฒะพะตะณะพ ัะฐะผะพะปะตัะฐ, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฒัะฑะธัะฐัั ัะฐะทะปะธัะฝัะต ะฒะฐัะธะฐะฝัั ะพะบัะฐัะบะธ ะธ ะดะตะบะพัะฐัะธะธ.
Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะณัะฐ โ ััะพ ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะธัะฟััะฐัั ัะตะฑั ะฒ ัะพะปะธ ะฐะฒะธะฐัะพัะฐ ะธ ะฟัะตะพะดะพะปะตัั ะฒัะต ัะปะพะถะฝะพััะธ ะธ ะพะฟะฐัะฝะพััะธ ะฒะพะทะดััะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะพัััะฐะฝััะฒะฐ. ะะพััะฒััะฒัะนัะต ะฝะฐััะพัััั ัะฒะพะฑะพะดั ะธ ะฐะดัะตะฝะฐะปะธะฝ ะฒ Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะณัะต ะพะฝะปะฐะนะฝ!
ะะณัะฐะนัะต ะฒ ยซะะฒะธะฐัะพัยป ะฒ ะพะฝะปะฐะนะฝ-ะบะฐะทะธะฝะพ Pin-Up
Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะณัะฐ ะพะฝะปะฐะนะฝ ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตั ัะฒะปะตะบะฐัะตะปัะฝัั ะธ ะทะฐั ะฒะฐััะฒะฐัััั ะธะณัะพะฒัั ะฐัะผะพััะตัั, ะณะดะต ะฒั ััะฐะฝะพะฒะธัะตัั ะฝะฐััะพััะธะผ ะฐะฒะธะฐัะพัะพะผ ะธ ััะฐะถะฐะตัะตัั ั ัะฐะผัะผะธ ะพะฟะฐัะฝัะผะธ ะธัะบััััะฒะตะฝะฝัะผะธ ะธะฝัะตะปะปะตะบัะฐะผะธ.
ะ ััะพะน ะธะณัะต ะฒั ะดะพะปะถะฝั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐัั ัะฒะพะต ะผะฐััะตัััะฒะพ ะธ ัะผะตะบะฐะปะบั, ััะพะฑั ะฟัะตะพะดะพะปะตัั ัะปะพะถะฝะพััะธ ะผะฝะพะณะพัะธัะปะตะฝะฝัั ะปะพะบะฐัะธะน ะธ ััะพะฒะฝะตะน. ะะฐะผ ะฟัะตะดััะพะธั ัะพะฑะธัะฐัั ะฑะพะฝััั, ัะบะปะพะฝััััั ะพั ะฟัะตะฟััััะฒะธะน ะธ ััะฐะถะฐัััั ั ะฒัะฐะณะฐะผะธ, ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัั ัะฒะพะธ ะฝะฐะฒัะบะธ ะฟะธะปะพัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะธ ัััะตะปัะฑั.
ะะฐะถะดัะน ััะพะฒะตะฝั ะธะณัั Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะผะตะตั ัะฒะพั ัะฝะธะบะฐะปัะฝัั ะฐัะผะพััะตัั ะธ ะทะฐะดะฐัะธ. ะัะดััะต ะณะพัะพะฒั ะบ ะฝะตะพะถะธะดะฐะฝะฝะพัััะผ, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะฒะฐั ะถะดัั ะทะฐั ะฒะฐััะฒะฐััะธะต ะฟะพะฒะพัะพัั ััะถะตัะฐ ะธ ัะปะพะถะฝัะต ะธัะฟััะฐะฝะธั. ะะฐะนะดะธัะต ะฒัะต ะฟััะธ ะบ ะฟะพะฑะตะดะต ะธ ััะฐะฝััะต ะฝะฐััะพััะธะผ ะณะตัะพะตะผ ะฐะฒะธะฐัะพัะพะผ!
ะะฒะธะฐัะพั ะธะณัะฐ ัะฒะปัะตััั ะฟัะตะบัะฐัะฝัะผ ัะฟะพัะพะฑะพะผ ะฟัะพะฒะตััะธ ะฒัะตะผั ะธ ะธัะฟััะฐัั ะฝะฐััะพััะธะน ะฐะดัะตะฝะฐะปะธะฝะพะฒัะน ัะฐะทััะด. ะะพัะพะฒั ะปะธ ะฒั ััะฐัั ะปัััะธะผ ะฐะฒะธะฐัะพัะพะผ? ะะต ัะฟัััะธัะต ัะฒะพะน ัะฐะฝั ะธ ะฝะฐัะฝะธัะต ะธะณัะฐัั ะฒ Aviator ะบัะฐั ะฟััะผะพ ัะตะนัะฐั!
Aviator โ ะธะณัะฐะน, ััะฐะถะฐะนัั, ะฟะพะฑะตะถะดะฐะน!
Aviator Pin Up (ะะฒะธะฐัะพั ะะธะฝ ะะฟ ) โ ะธะณัะฐ ะฝะฐ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะพะฝะปะฐะนะฝ ะะฐะทะฐั ััะฐะฝ
Aviator ะธะณัะฐ ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตั ัะฒะปะตะบะฐัะตะปัะฝะพะต ะธ ะทะฐั ะฒะฐััะฒะฐััะตะต ัะฐะทะฝะพะพะฑัะฐะทะธะต ะฒัะฐะณะพะฒ ะธ ััะพะฒะฝะตะน, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฝะต ะพััะฐะฒัั ัะฐะฒะฝะพะดััะฝัะผะธ ะดะฐะถะต ัะฐะผัั ััะตะฑะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะฝัั ะณะตะนะผะตัะพะฒ.
ะัะฐะณะธ ะฒ Aviator ะบัะฐั ะธะณัะต ะพะฝะปะฐะนะฝ ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปะตะฝั ะฒ ัะฐะผัั ัะฐะทะฝัั ัะพัะผะฐั ะธ ัะฐะทะผะตัะฐั . ะะดะตัั ะฒั ะฒัััะตัะธัะต ะณััะฟะฟั ะธะท ะผะฐะปะตะฝัะบะธั ะธ ะฑัััััั ะฒัะฐะณะพะฒ, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะพะณัะพะผะฝัั ะฑะพััะพะฒ ั ะผะพัะฝัะผ ะฒะพะพััะถะตะฝะธะตะผ. ะ ะฐะทะฝะพะพะฑัะฐะทะธะต ะฒัะฐะณะพะฒ ะฟะพะทะฒะพะปัะตั ะธะณัะพะบะฐะผ ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัั ัะฐะทะฝัะต ัะฐะบัะธะบะธ ะธ ัััะฐัะตะณะธะธ ะดะปั ะฟะพะฑะตะดั.
ะัะพะผะต ัะพะณะพ, Aviator ะธะณัะฐ ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตั ัะฐะทะฝะพะพะฑัะฐะทะธะต ััะพะฒะฝะตะน ัะปะพะถะฝะพััะธ. ะัะฑะตัะธัะต ะปะตะณะบะธะน ััะพะฒะตะฝั, ััะพะฑั ะฝะฐัะปะฐะดะธัััั ะธะณัะพะฒัะผ ะฟัะพัะตััะพะผ, ะธะปะธ ะฒัะทะพะฒะธัะต ัะตะฑะต ะฝะฐััะพััะธะน ะฒัะทะพะฒ, ะฒัะฑัะฐะฒ ัะบัะฟะตััะฝัะน ััะพะฒะตะฝั. ะะตะทะฐะฒะธัะธะผะพ ะพั ะฒัะฑัะฐะฝะฝะพะณะพ ััะพะฒะฝั ัะปะพะถะฝะพััะธ, ะฒั ะฟะพะปััะธัะต ะผะฐะบัะธะผัะผ ัะดะพะฒะพะปัััะฒะธั ะพั ะธะณัั ะธ ะพะบัะฝะตัะตัั ะฒ ะทะฐั ะฒะฐััะฒะฐััะธะน ะผะธั ะฐะฒะธะฐัะพัะพะฒ.
ะะณัะฐะนัะต ะฒ Aviator ะธ ะฝะฐัะปะฐะถะดะฐะนัะตัั ัะฐะทะฝะพะพะฑัะฐะทะธะตะผ ะฒัะฐะณะพะฒ ะธ ััะพะฒะฝะตะน, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟะพะทะฒะพะปัั ะฒะฐะผ ะฟะพััะฒััะฒะพะฒะฐัั ัะตะฑั ะฝะฐััะพััะธะผ ะฐะฒะธะฐัะพัะพะผ.
ะะตัะตะฒะพ ะดะปั ััะตะฝั ะะปะผะฐัั โ ะพัะดะตะปะพัะฝัะน ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะป ะดะปั ัะฐัะฐะดะพะฒ. ะกัััะบัััะฐ ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปะฐ ัะฐะบัััะฝะฐั, ะฒะฝะตัะฝะธะน ะฒะธะด ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะบะพะฟะธััะตั ะดะตัะตะฒัะฝะฝัั ะดะพัะบั.
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Heya this is kind of of off topic but I was wanting to know if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding knowledge so I wanted to get guidance from someone with experience. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
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ะบัะฟะธัั ะฒะธัััะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฝะพะผะตั ะะธะดะตัะปะฐะฝะดั
ะ ะฝะฐัะตะผ ะพะฑัะตััะฒะต, ะณะดะต ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ – ััะพ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะพ ัะดะฐัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั ะฒ ะปัะฑะพะน ะพััะฐัะปะธ, ะผะฝะพะณะธะต ััะฐัะฐัััั ะฝะฐะนัะธ ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฟัะพััะพะน ะฟััั ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธั. ะะฐะถะฝะพััั ะฝะฐะปะธัะธั ะพัะธัะธะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ ะพะฑ ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะธ ัััะดะฝะพ ะฟะตัะตะพัะตะฝะธัั. ะะตะดั ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะพะฝ ะพัะบััะฒะฐะตั ะดะฒะตัะธ ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะฐะถะดัะผ ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะพะผ, ะบะพัะพััะน ัััะตะผะธััั ะฝะฐัะฐัั ัััะดะพะฒัั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั ะธะปะธ ััะธัััั ะฒ ะะฃะะต.
ะะฐัะฐ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตั ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะปัะฑะพะน ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผัะน ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั. ะั ัะผะพะถะตัะต ะบัะฟะธัั ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ, ััะพ ัะฒะปัะตััั ัะดะฐัะฝัะผ ัะตัะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะปั ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะฝะต ัะผะพะณ ะทะฐะบะพะฝัะธัั ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต, ะฟะพัะตััะป ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั ะธะปะธ ะถะตะปะฐะตั ะธัะฟัะฐะฒะธัั ัะฒะพะธ ะพัะตะฝะบะธ. ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ะธะทะณะพัะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐะตััั ะฐะบะบััะฐัะฝะพ, ั ะพัะพะฑัะผ ะฒะฝะธะผะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะบ ะผะตะปััะฐะนัะธะผ ะดะตัะฐะปัะผ. ะ ะธัะพะณะต ะฒั ัะผะพะถะตัะต ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั, ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ัะพะพัะฒะตัััะฒัััะธะน ะพัะธะณะธะฝะฐะปั.
ะัะตะฒะพัั ะพะดััะฒะพ ะฟะพะดะพะฑะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดะฐ ะทะฐะบะปััะฐะตััั ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฑััััะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ. ะัะพัะตัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะพะฒัะฒะฐะตััั ะบะพะผัะพััะฝะพ, ั ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบะพะน. ะั ะฒัะฑะพัะฐ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดััะตะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทัะฐ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผะฐ ะดะพ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐัะธะน ะฟะพ ะทะฐะฟะพะปะฝะตะฝะธั ะปะธัะฝัั ะดะฐะฝะฝัั ะธ ะดะพััะฐะฒะบะธ ะฟะพ ัััะฐะฝะต โ ะฒัะต ะฑัะดะตั ะฝะฐั ะพะดะธัััั ะฟะพะด ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝัะผ ะบะพะฝััะพะปะตะผ ะบะฒะฐะปะธัะธัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ะผะฐััะตัะพะฒ.
ะ ะธัะพะณะต, ะดะปั ะฒัะตั , ะบัะพ ะธัะตั ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฑัััััะน ัะฟะพัะพะฑ ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ, ะฝะฐัะฐ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตั ะฒัะณะพะดะฝะพะต ัะตัะตะฝะธะต. ะัะฟะธัั ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ – ะทะฝะฐัะธั ะธะทะฑะตะถะฐัั ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะธัะตะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะพัะตััะฐ ะพะฑััะตะฝะธั ะธ ััะฐะทั ะฟะตัะตะนัะธ ะบ ะฒะฐะถะฝัะผ ัะตะปัะผ: ะบ ะฟะพัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั ะฒ ัะฝะธะฒะตััะธัะตั ะธะปะธ ะบ ะฝะฐัะฐะปั ัะดะฐัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั.
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ะ ะฝะฐัะต ะฒัะตะผั, ะบะพะณะดะฐ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ัะฒะปัะตััั ะฝะฐัะฐะปะพะผ ัะดะฐัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั ะฒ ะปัะฑะพะน ะพะฑะปะฐััะธ, ะผะฝะพะณะธะต ะธััั ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฑัััััะน ะธ ะฟัะพััะพะน ะฟััั ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ะบะฐัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธั. ะะฐะปะธัะธะต ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ ะพะฑ ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะธ ะฟะตัะตะพัะตะฝะธัั ะฝะตะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพ. ะะตะดั ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ะพัะบััะฒะฐะตั ะดะฒะตัั ะฟะตัะตะด ะปัะฑัะผ ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะพะผ, ะบะพัะพััะน ัะพะฑะธัะฐะตััั ะฝะฐัะฐัั ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝัั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั ะธะปะธ ััะธัััั ะฒ ะะฃะะต.
ะะฐัะฐ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตั ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฑััััะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ััะพั ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผัะน ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั. ะั ะผะพะถะตัะต ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ, ััะพ ะฑัะดะตั ะพัะปะธัะฝัะผ ัะตัะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะปั ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะฝะต ัะผะพะณ ะทะฐะบะพะฝัะธัั ะพะฑััะตะฝะธะต ะธะปะธ ะฟะพัะตััะป ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั. ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ะธะทะณะพัะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐะตััั ะฐะบะบััะฐัะฝะพ, ั ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝัะผ ะฒะฝะธะผะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะบ ะผะตะปััะฐะนัะธะผ ะฝัะฐะฝัะฐะผ, ััะพะฑั ะฒ ะธัะพะณะต ะฟะพะปััะธะปัั ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพัะธะณะธะฝะฐะปัะฝัะน ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั.
ะัะตะธะผััะตััะฒะฐ ัะฐะบะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดะฐ ัะพััะพัั ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะฒั ะฑััััะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัะต ัะฒะพะน ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ. ะะตัั ะฟัะพัะตัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะพะฒัะฒะฐะตััั ัะดะพะฑะฝะพ ะธ ะปะตะณะบะพ, ั ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบะพะน. ะะฐัะธะฝะฐั ะพั ะฒัะฑะพัะฐ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดััะตะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทัะฐ ะดะพ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐัะธะน ะฟะพ ะทะฐะฟะพะปะฝะตะฝะธั ะฟะตััะพะฝะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธะธ ะธ ะดะพััะฐะฒะบะธ ะฟะพ ัััะฐะฝะต โ ะฒัะต ะฝะฐั ะพะดะธััั ะฟะพะด ะฟะพะปะฝัะผ ะบะพะฝััะพะปะตะผ ะฝะฐัะธั ะผะฐััะตัะพะฒ.
ะ ะธัะพะณะต, ะดะปั ะฒัะตั , ะบัะพ ะธัะตั ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฑัััััะน ัะฟะพัะพะฑ ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ััะตะฑัะตะผะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ, ะฝะฐัะฐ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ะผะพะถะตั ะฟัะตะดะปะพะถะธัั ะฒัะณะพะดะฝะพะต ัะตัะตะฝะธะต. ะัะฟะธัั ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ – ะทะฝะฐัะธั ะธะทะฑะตะถะฐัั ะดะพะปะณะพะณะพ ะพะฑััะตะฝะธั ะธ ััะฐะทั ะฟะตัะตะนัะธ ะบ ัะฒะพะธะผ ัะตะปัะผ: ะบ ะฟะพัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั ะฒ ะะฃะ ะธะปะธ ะบ ะฝะฐัะฐะปั ััะฟะตัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั.
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ะ ะฝะฐัะตะผ ะพะฑัะตััะฒะต, ะณะดะต ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ัะฒะปัะตััั ะฝะฐัะฐะปะพะผ ะพัะปะธัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั ะฒ ะปัะฑะพะผ ะฝะฐะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะธ, ะผะฝะพะณะธะต ะธััั ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฑัััััะน ะธ ะฟัะพััะพะน ะฟััั ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ะบะฐัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธั. ะะฐะปะธัะธะต ะพัะธัะธะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ ัััะดะฝะพ ะฟะตัะตะพัะตะฝะธัั. ะะตะดั ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ะพัะบััะฒะฐะตั ะดะฒะตัั ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะฐะถะดัะผ ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะพะผ, ะบะพัะพััะน ัััะตะผะธััั ะฒัััะฟะธัั ะฒ ัะพะพะฑัะตััะฒะพ ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝัั ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปะธััะพะฒ ะธะปะธ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะธัั ะพะฑััะตะฝะธะต ะฒ ะะฃะะต.
ะ ะดะฐะฝะฝะพะผ ะบะพะฝัะตะบััะต ะผั ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตะผ ะพัะตะฝั ะฑััััะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ััะพั ะฒะฐะถะฝัะน ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั. ะั ัะผะพะถะตัะต ะบัะฟะธัั ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ, ะธ ััะพ ะฑัะดะตั ะฒัะณะพะดะฝัะผ ัะตัะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะปั ะฒัะตั , ะบัะพ ะฝะต ัะผะพะณ ะทะฐะฒะตััะธัั ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต, ะฟะพัะตััะป ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั ะธะปะธ ั ะพัะตั ะธัะฟัะฐะฒะธัั ะฟะปะพั ะธะต ะพัะตะฝะบะธ. ะัะต ะดะธะฟะปะพะผั ะฒัะฟััะบะฐัััั ั ะพัะพะฑะพะน ััะฐัะตะปัะฝะพัััั, ะฒะฝะธะผะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะบ ะผะตะปััะฐะนัะธะผ ะดะตัะฐะปัะผ. ะ ะธัะพะณะต ะฒั ัะผะพะถะตัะต ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพัะธะณะธะฝะฐะปัะฝัะน ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั.
ะัะตะธะผััะตััะฒะพ ะฟะพะดะพะฑะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดะฐ ะทะฐะบะปััะฐะตััั ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฑััััะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ. ะะตัั ะฟัะพัะตัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะพะฒัะฒะฐะตััั ัะดะพะฑะฝะพ, ั ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบะพะน. ะะฐัะฐะฒ ะพั ะฒัะฑะพัะฐ ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผะพะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทัะฐ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผะฐ ะดะพ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐัะธะน ะฟะพ ะทะฐะฟะพะปะฝะตะฝะธั ะฟะตััะพะฝะฐะปัะฝัั ะดะฐะฝะฝัั ะธ ะดะพััะฐะฒะบะธ ะฟะพ ัััะฐะฝะต โ ะฒัะต ะฟะพะด ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝัะผ ะบะพะฝััะพะปะตะผ ะพะฟััะฝัั ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปะธััะพะฒ.
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ะ ะฝะฐัะตะผ ะผะธัะต, ะณะดะต ะฐััะตััะฐั – ััะพ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะพ ะพัะปะธัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั ะฒ ะปัะฑะพะน ะพััะฐัะปะธ, ะผะฝะพะณะธะต ััะฐัะฐัััั ะฝะฐะนัะธ ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฑัััััะน ะฟััั ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ะบะฐัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธั. ะคะฐะบั ะฝะฐะปะธัะธั ะพัะธัะธะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ ะฟะตัะตะพัะตะฝะธัั ะฟัะพััะพ ะฝะตะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพ. ะะตะดั ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะดะธะฟะปะพะผ ะพัะบััะฒะฐะตั ะดะฒะตัั ะฟะตัะตะด ะปัะฑัะผ ัะตะปะพะฒะตะบะพะผ, ะถะตะปะฐััะธะผ ะฒัััะฟะธัั ะฒ ัะพะพะฑัะตััะฒะพ ะบะฒะฐะปะธัะธัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปะธััะพะฒ ะธะปะธ ััะธัััั ะฒ ะฒัััะตะผ ััะตะฑะฝะพะผ ะทะฐะฒะตะดะตะฝะธะธ.
ะั ะฟัะตะดะปะฐะณะฐะตะผ ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะปัะฑะพะน ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผัะน ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั. ะั ะธะผะตะตัะต ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะทะฐะบะฐะทะฐัั ะฐััะตััะฐั ััะฐัะพะณะพ ะธะปะธ ะฝะพะฒะพะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทัะฐ, ััะพ ะฑัะดะตั ะฒัะณะพะดะฝัะผ ัะตัะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะปั ะฒัะตั , ะบัะพ ะฝะต ัะผะพะณ ะทะฐะบะพะฝัะธัั ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต, ะฟะพัะตััะป ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั ะธะปะธ ะถะตะปะฐะตั ะธัะฟัะฐะฒะธัั ะฟะปะพั ะธะต ะพัะตะฝะบะธ. ะะฐะถะดัะน ะฐััะตััะฐั ะธะทะณะพัะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐะตััั ั ะพัะพะฑะพะน ะฐะบะบััะฐัะฝะพัััั, ะฒะฝะธะผะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะบะพ ะฒัะตะผ ัะปะตะผะตะฝัะฐะผ, ััะพะฑั ะฒ ะธัะพะณะต ะฟะพะปััะธะปัั ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝั, 100% ัะพะพัะฒะตัััะฒัััะธะน ะพัะธะณะธะฝะฐะปั.
ะะปััั ะฟะพะดะพะฑะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดะฐ ะทะฐะบะปััะฐัััั ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะฐััะตััะฐั. ะัะพัะตัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะพะฒัะฒะฐะตััั ะบะพะผัะพััะฝะพ, ั ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบะพะน. ะะฐัะธะฝะฐั ะพั ะฒัะฑะพัะฐ ะฟะพะดั ะพะดััะตะณะพ ะพะฑัะฐะทัะฐ ะดะพ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐัะธะน ะฟะพ ะทะฐะฟะพะปะฝะตะฝะธั ะปะธัะฝัั ะดะฐะฝะฝัั ะธ ะดะพััะฐะฒะบะธ ะฒ ะปัะฑะพะน ัะตะณะธะพะฝ ะ ะพััะธะธ โ ะฒัะต ะฝะฐั ะพะดะธััั ะฟะพะด ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝัะผ ะบะพะฝััะพะปะตะผ ะฝะฐัะธั ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปะธััะพะฒ.
ะัะตะผ, ะบัะพ ั ะพัะตั ะฝะฐะนัะธ ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝัะน ัะฟะพัะพะฑ ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธั ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ, ะฝะฐัะฐ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ะผะพะถะตั ะฟัะตะดะปะพะถะธัั ะพัะปะธัะฝะพะต ัะตัะตะฝะธะต. ะัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะฐััะตััะฐั – ะทะฝะฐัะธั ะธะทะฑะตะถะฐัั ะดะพะปะณะพะณะพ ะพะฑััะตะฝะธั ะธ ะฝะต ัะตััั ะฒัะตะผะตะฝะธ ะฟะตัะตะนัะธ ะบ ะดะพััะธะถะตะฝะธั ัะฒะพะธั ัะตะปะตะน: ะบ ะฟะพัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั ะฒ ะะฃะ ะธะปะธ ะบ ะฝะฐัะฐะปั ััะฟะตัะฝะพะน ะบะฐััะตัั.
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ะฏ ะฟะพ ะถะธะทะฝะธ ัะตะฐะปะธัั. ะงัะพ ะฑั ะั ะฟะพะฝะธะผะฐะปะธ, ััะพ ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะฝะต ะฒัะดัะผัะฒะฐั. ะฏ ะฟัะพััะฟะฐะปะฐัั ะฟะพ ัััะฐะผ ะดะพ ะพะฑัะฐัะตะฝะธั ะบ ะะฐัะธะธ, ะพัััะฐั ะทัะด ะฒ ัะตะปะต. ะัะปะพ ะฑัะดัะพ ัะตะปะตะฟะฐัะธัะตัะบะพะต ะพะฑัะตะฝะธะต. ะัะฒะฐะปะพ, ััะพ ะณะพะฒะพัะธะปะฐ ะฝะต ัะพ, ััะพ ั ะพัะตะปะฐ ัะบะฐะทะฐัั. ะญัะพ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะพัั ั ะผะตะฝั ัะถะต ะดะฐะฒะฝะพ, ะฑะพะปััะต 8 ะปะตั ะฝะฐะทะฐะด. ะัะต ัะธะผะฟัะพะผ: ะผะฝะต ััะพะธะปะพ ะพ ัะตะผ-ัะพ ะฟะพะดัะผะฐัั ะธะปะธ ะทะฐะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะฐัั ะฒัะต ัะปะพ ะฝะต ะฟะพ ะฟะปะฐะฝั. ะฏ ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐะปะฐ ะะฐัะธะธ, ะบะพะณะดะฐ ัะปััะธะปะพัั ะพะฑะพัััะตะฝะธะต ะธ ััะฐะปะพ ะฝะตะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฟัะพะถะธะฒะฐัั ััะธ ะฝะฐะฒัะทัะธะฒัะต ะพัััะตะฝะธั. ะะพะถะฐ ะทัะดะตะปะฐ ะฟะพััะพัะฝะฝะพ. ะก ะณะพะปะพะฒะพะน ะฑัะปะพ ััะพ-ัะพ ะฝะต ัะพ. ะะพัะปะต ะพัะธัะตะฝะธั ััะฒััะฒัั ัะตะฑั ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะทะดะพัะพะฒะพะน O?. ะะพ ะฟะพะปััะธะปะฐ ัััะตะบั ะฝะต ััะฐะทั, ะฐ ะฟะพััะตะฟะตะฝะฝะพ. ะะพัะปะต ะฒัะพัะพะณะพ ัะตะฐะฝัะฐ ั ััะฟะพะบะพะธะปะฐัั, ะธ ะฒัะต ัะธะผะฟัะพะผั ััะฐะปะธ ัะตัะฟะธะผั ??????. ะกะฟัััั ัะพะฒะฝะพ ะผะตััั ะทัะด ะฒ ัะตะปะต ััะตะป. ะัััะฐั ัะตะฑั ะปะตั ะฝะฐ 15 ะผะพะปะพะถะต. ะกัะฐะปะฐ ะปัััะต ัะพะพะฑัะฐะถะฐัั ะธ ะฒ ะฟัะธะฝัะธะฟะต ัะตัั ััะฐะปะฐ ะบัะฐัะธะฒะฐั. ะญัะพ ัะฒะธะดะตะปะฐ ะฝะต ั ะพะดะฝะฐ, ะฝะพ ะธ ะผะพั ะฟะพะดััะณะฐ. ะญัะพ ะฒัั ัะตะฐะปัะฝะพ! ะ ะฒัั ััะพ ัะปััะธะปะพัั ัะพ ะผะฝะพะน. ะะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัะฝะฐ ะฒะฐะผ, ะะฐัะธั ะกัะตะฟะฐะฝะพะฒะฝะฐ ??. ะะฐะปะตั ะปะธัั ะพ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะฝะต ะพัััะบะฐะปะฐ ะฒะฐั ัะฐะฝััะต!
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ะะพะทะดัะฐะฒะปัะตะผ ะฒะฐั, ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝะธะฝ ะผะธะฝะธััั, ัะพะฒัะฐะผัะธ!
ะััััะฟะฐั ะฟัะพัะปะพะน ะพัะตะฝัั ะฒ ะกะพะฒะตัะต ะคะตะดะตัะฐัะธะธ, ะผะธะฝะธััั ะฒะฝัััะตะฝะฝะธั ะดะตะป ะะปะฐะดะธะผะธั ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒ ัะฐััะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะป, ะพ ัะฐะบ ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะตะผะพะผ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะตะปะต ยซะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะดยป โ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป โ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป, ะพะฑะตัะฐะป ะผะธะปะปะธะฐัะดั ััะฑะปะตะน ััะตัะฑะฐ ะธ ะดะตัััะบะธ ััััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั . ะัะตัั-ัะปัะถะฑะฐ ะะะ ะฟะพะด ััะบะพะฒะพะดััะฒะพะผ ะตะณะพ ะฑะพะตะฒะพะน ะฟะพะดััะณะธ ะัะธะฝั ะะพะปะบ ะทะฐัะฒะธะปะฐ ะพ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะฒัะบัััะฐ ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั ะบััะฟะฝะตะนัะตะน ะฒ ะธััะพัะธะธ ะ ะพััะธะธ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะน ะฟะธัะฐะผะธะดั.
ะะดะฝะฐะบะพ ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะตะปะต, ัะฐััะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพะผ ะธะปะธ, ะฒะตัะฝะตะต ัะบะฐะทะฐัั, ะธะทะณะพัะพะฒะปะตะฝะฝะพะผ ะะกะฃ ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะณะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะบะฐ ะะะ, ะบะพัะพัะพะต ะฒ ัะตะฒัะฐะปะต ะฝะฐัะฐะป ัะฐััะผะฐััะธะฒะฐัั ะัะธะผะพััะบะธะน ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝัะน ััะด ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ, 282 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน ััะตัะฑะฐ ะธ 221 ะปะธัะพ, ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝะพะต ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผ: ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะผะธะปะปะธะฐัะดะพะฒ ะธ ะดะตัััะบะพะฒ ััััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั .
ะะธะฝะธััั ะธ ะตะณะพ ะะพะปะบ ะฟัะฑะปะธัะฝะพ ัะพะปะณะฐะปะธ โ ะฝะฐ ะพัะฝะพะฒะต ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธะธ, ะฟะตัะตะดะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะทะฐะผะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะธะบะฐ ะะกะฃ ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปะตะผ ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟั ะฟะพะปะบะพะฒะฝะธะบะพะผ ัััะธัะธะธ ะ.ะ. ะะธะฝะพะบััะพะฒัะผ, ัะฐะบัะธัะตัะบะธ ะดะฐะถะต ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธะฒัะตะน ะกะ ะตะณะพ ะทะฐะผะตััะธัะตะปัะฝะธัะตะน ะผะฐะนะพัะพะผ, ะฐ ะทะฐัะตะผ ะฟะพะดะฟะพะปะบะพะฒะฝะธะบะพะผ ัััะธัะธะธ ะ.ะ. ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะพะน ะฟะพ ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปะฐะผ, ัะพััััะฟะฐะฝะฝัะผ ะพะฟะตัะพะผ ะฃะญะะธะะ ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะณะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะบะฐ ะะะ ะผะฐะนะพัะพะผ ะฟะพะปะธัะธะธ ะ.ะฎ. ะะฐัะตะฒัะบะธะผ, ะฟัะธ ะฟะพะฟัััะธัะตะปัััะฒะต (ะธะปะธ ัะพััะฐััะธะธ?) ะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะธะบะฐ ะะกะฃ ะะตะณัะพะทะพะฒะฐ ะธ ะทะฐะผะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะธะบะฐ ะกะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะฟะฐััะฐะผะตะฝัะฐ ัะตะดะตัะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะผะธะฝะธััะตัััะฒะฐ ะะพั ะผัะฝะธะฝะฐ. ะะพะปะบะพะฒะฝะธะบ ะธ ะฟะพะดะฟะพะปะบะพะฒะฝะธะบ ั ะฟัะธะผะตัะฝะพ ะฟััะพะณะพ-ัะตััะพะณะพ ััะพะฒะฝั ะธะตัะฐัั ะธะธ ะะะ ะฒะธะปัะตั ะณะตะฝะตัะฐะปะพะผ ะฟะพะปะธัะธะธ ะ ะพััะธะนัะบะพะน ะคะตะดะตัะฐัะธะธ, ะฟะพััะพัะฝะฝัะผ ัะปะตะฝะพะผ ะกะพะฒะตัะฐ ะฑะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝะพััะธ ะ ะพััะธะธ โ ััะพ ะฟะพะทะพั ะดะปั ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะฐ.
ะขะฐะบ ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะตะผัะต ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะต ะธ ัะตะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฟะพัััะฐะดะฐะฒัะธะต
ะะพะปััะธะฝััะฒะพ ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ยป ะฝะฐ ััะดะต ะทะฐัะฒะปััั ััะผะผั ะพะบะพะปะพ 1โ2 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน, ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะฒ ั ะพะดะต ััะดะตะฑะฝะพะณะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะฒัััะฝัะตััั, ััะพ ะพะฝะธ, ะบะฐะบ ะฟัะฐะฒะธะปะพ, ะฟะพะปััะฐะปะธ ะฝะตะผะฐะปัะน ะดะพั ะพะด, ะฟัะธัะตะผ, ะพะฝะธ ะตัะต ะธ ะฝะฐะปะพะณะพะฒัะต/ะฒะฐะปััะฝัะต ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝะธะบะธ, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ััะพั ะดะพั ะพะด ะฝะต ะดะตะบะปะฐัะธัะพะฒะฐะปะธ. ะกัะตะดะธ ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ยป ะตััั ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝะต, ะทะฐัะฒะปัััะธะต ัะผะตั ะพัะฒะพัะฝัะต ััะผะผั ะฒ 50โ70 ััั., ัะพ ะตััั ะบะพะปะธัะตััะฒะพ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฝะฐะบัััะธะฒะฐะปะพัั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ. ะ ะดะฐะถะต ั ััะธะผ ะฝะฐะบัััะธะฒะฐะฝะธะตะผ ัะดะฐะปะพัั ะฝะฐะฑัะฐัั ัะฐะบ ะผะฐะปะพ โ ััะธััะฒะฐั, ััะพ ั ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป, ะฟะพ ะดะฐะฝะฝัะผ ัะฐะผะพะณะพ ะถะต ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั, ะฑะพะปะตะต 200 ััั. ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ, ะฐ ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะต ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป โ ะพะบะพะปะพ 20 ััั. ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ.
ะขะพ ะตััั ะฑะพะปััะธะฝััะฒะพ ะธ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป, ะธ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฝะต ััะธัะฐัั ัะตะฑั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ ะพั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััะธ ััะธั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะน.
ะกัะดั ะฟะพ ัััััะฐะผ ะพะฑัะฐัะตะฝะธะน ะฒะพ ะฒัะต ะธะฝััะฐะฝัะธะธ, ะฝะตัะบะพะปัะบะธะผ ะฒะพะปะฝะฐะผ ะผะธัะธะฝะณะพะฒ, ะฟัะพะบะฐัะธะฒัะธั ัั ะฟะพ ะ ะพััะธะธ, ะพะฝะธ ััะธัะฐัั ัะตะฑั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ ะพั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะพะฒ ะฒะฝัััะตะฝะฝะธั ะดะตะป.
ะะตะดั ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะทะฐะฒะตัะฑะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะน ะฟะธัะตััะบะธะผ ะฃะญะะธะะ ัะธัะฐะดะผะธะฝ ัะพััะธะนัะบะพะน ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะฝะพะน ัะธััะตะผั ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝ ะธ ัะฐะทะณัะพะผะธะป ะฒ ัะตะฒัะฐะปะต 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ ััั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะฝัั ัะธััะตะผั, ะฟะพะฒะตัะธะฒ ะฝะฐ ัะฐะนัะต ะดะธัะบะปะตะนะผะตั: ยซะะฑัะฐัะฐะนัะตัั ะฒ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝัยป, ััะพ ะฝะฐ ะผะตัััั ะฟัะตะบัะฐัะธะปะพ ะฒัะฒะพะด ััะตะดััะฒ. ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะดะตะนััะฒะธั ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะพะฒ ะฒ ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะธ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ะดะพ ะธ ะฟะพัะปะต ะทะฐัััะดะฝะธะปะธ ะฒัะฒะพะด ััะตะดััะฒ. ะะตะปะพ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะดะปั ะฒัะฒะพะดะฐ ััะตะดััะฒ ะผะฝะพะณะธะผะธ ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐะปัั ะผะตั ะฐะฝะธะทะผ p2p, ะฟะพะทะฒะพะปัััะธะน ะฝะต ะฟะปะฐัะธัั ะบะพะผะธััะธั, ัะพ ะตััั ะดะปั ะฒัะฒะพะดะฐ ััะตะดััะฒ ะฝัะถะฝะพ, ััะพะฑั ะบัะพ-ัะพ ะฒะฝะพัะธะป ััะตะดััะฒะฐ (ััะพ, ะฟะพะฝััะฝะพ, ัะตะทะบะพ ัะพะบัะฐัะธะปะพัั ะธะท-ะทะฐ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ) ะธ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดะธะป ะพะฑะผะตะฝ. ะะดะฝะฐะบะพ ััะพั ัะฟะพัะพะฑ ะฝะต ะตะดะธะฝััะฒะตะฝะฝัะน, ะฒัะฒะพะด ััะตะดััะฒ ัะฐะบ ะธะปะธ ะธะฝะฐัะต ะพัััะตััะฒะปัะตััั.
ะขััััะธ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ัะตะผ ะฑะพะปะตะต ะฝะต ััะธัะฐัั ัะตะฑั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ ะพั ะตะณะพ ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััะธ โ ะฟะพัะพะผั ััะพ ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝั ะฒะพัะฟัะตะฟััััะฒะพะฒะฐะปะธ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะธั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ ั ะฟะพะผะพััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฐ ะพะฝะฐ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฑะพะปะตะต ัะตะผ ะดะฒัั ะปะตัะฝะตะณะพ ะฐัะตััะฐ ะตะณะพ ััะตัะพะฒ, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ะพะบะพะปะพ 4 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน, ะฝะต ะผะพะถะตั ะฑััั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะฐ ะฟะพ ะฟัะตะถะฝะตะน ัะตะฝะต.
ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝั ะฟััะผะพ ะทะฐะฟัะตัะฐัั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ัะตัะธะฒัะธะผ ะทะฐะฑัะฐัั ัะฒะพะน ะฟะฐะน, โ ะดะฐะถะต ะฟะพ ะธัะฟะพะปะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะผ ะปะธััะฐะผ ััะดะพะฒ. ะ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะฐะผ ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป, ะธ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะผะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะฐะผะธ ะฝะฐะฝะตัะตะฝ ะบะพะปะพััะฐะปัะฝัะน ััะตัะฑ โ ะธ ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปัะฝัะน, ะธ ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝัะน, ะบะพัะพััะน ะพะฝะธ ะฝะฐะผะตัะตะฝั ะฒะทััะบะฐัั ั ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะฐ.
ยซะกะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธยป-ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝะธะบะธ ะดะพะปะถะฝั ัะธะดะตัั ะฒ ััััะผะต
ะะตััะผะฐ ัะบัะพะผะฝัะน ัะตะทัะปััะฐั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะะะ ะฑัะป ะดะพััะธะณะฝัั ะพัะบัะพะฒะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝัะผ ะฟััะตะผ.
1. ะะตะบะพัะพััะต ะธะท ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธะน ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะฑัะปะธ ัะฐะบัะธัะตัะบะธ ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝั ััะดะฐะผะธ. 1 ะดะตะบะฐะฑัั ะฟัะพัะปะพะณะพ ะณะพะดะฐ ะัะธะผะพััะบะธะน ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝัะน ััะด ะณะพัะพะดะฐ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะป ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝัะผ, ะฝะฐัััะฐััะธะผ ะฃะะ ัะฐะบัะธัะตัะบะธะน ะพัะบะฐะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั ะฒ ะพะทะฝะฐะบะพะผะปะตะฝะธะธ ั ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปะฐะผะธ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ.ะัะธ ัะฐััะผะพััะตะฝะธะธ ะดะตะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต ะฒัััะฝะธะปะพัั, ััะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะฐั ะณััะฟะฟะฐ ะะกะฃ ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะณะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะบะฐ ะะะ, ัะพัะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธะผะฐั ะทะฐะผะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะธะบะฐ ะะกะฃ ะฟะพะปะบะพะฒะฝะธะบะพะผ ัััะธัะธะธ ะ.ะ. ะะธะฝะพะบััะพะฒัะผ, ะฐ ัะฐะบัะธัะตัะบะธ โ ะฟะพะดะฟะพะปะบะพะฒะฝะธะบะพะผ ัััะธัะธะธ ะ.ะ. ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะพะน, ะฟะพะดะดะตะปะฐะปะฐ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั. ะะฒัะพั ะฟะพะดะดะตะปะบะธ โ ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะฐ โ ะตัะต ะฒ ัะตะฒัะฐะปะต ะฑัะปะฐ ัะฒะพะปะตะฝะฐ ะธะท ะะกะฃ ยซะฟะพ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะผั ะถะตะปะฐะฝะธัยป.
ะฃะปะธัะตะฝะฝะฐั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัะฐะผะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฒ ะฝะฐัััะตะฝะธะธ ะฃะะ, ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะฐั ะณััะฟะฟะฐ ัะพััะฐะฒะธะปะฐ ะฟะธััะผะพ ะพะฑ ัะดะพะฒะปะตัะฒะพัะตะฝะธะธ ั ะพะดะฐัะฐะนััะฒะฐ ะทะฐะดะฝะธะผ ัะธัะปะพะผ ะธ ะฟะพะฟััะฐะปะฐัั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัั ะดะตะปะพ ัะฐะบ, ััะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฝะต ะฟะพะปััะธะป ะฟะธััะผะพ ะฟะพ ัะฒะพะตะน ะฒะธะฝะต. ะะพะถั ะฑัะปะฐ ะฒััะฒะปะตะฝะฐ ะฒ ัะพะผ ัะธัะปะต ะธ ั ะฟะพะผะพััั ัะธััะตะผั ัะปะตะบััะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะพะพะฑะพัะพัะฐ ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะณะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะบะฐ ะะะ.
2. ะะพะดะดะตะปะบะฐ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะพะฒ ะฑัะปะฐ ะฒัะฝัะถะดะตะฝะฝัะผ ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะปั ัะพะบัััะธั ะฑะพะปะตะต ัะตััะตะทะฝะพะณะพ: ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ัะพะดะตัะถะฐะฝะธั ะฟะพะด ัััะฐะถะตะน. ะกะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะฐั ะณััะฟะฟะฐ ะณััะฑะพ ะฝะฐัััะธะปะฐ ะฟัะฐะฒะฐ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะธั ะธัััะพะฒ ะธ ะพัะฒะตััะธะบะพะฒ, ะฟะพัะพะผั ััะพ ะฑะตะท ััะพะณะพ ะฝะฐัััะตะฝะธั ะพะฝะฐ ะฝะต ััะฟะตะปะฐ ะทะฐ 30 ัััะพะบ ะดะพ ะธััะตัะตะฝะธั ะฟัะตะดะตะปัะฝะพะณะพ ััะพะบะฐ ัะพะดะตัะถะฐะฝะธั ัะตัะฒะตััั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตะผัั ะฟะพะด ัััะฐะถะตะน ะฝะฐัะฐัั ะพะทะฝะฐะบะพะผะปะตะฝะธะต ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตะผัั ั ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปะฐะผะธ ะดะตะปะฐ โะฐ ััะพ ะฑัะปะพ ะตะดะธะฝััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะต ะพัะฝะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฟัะพะดะปะตะฝะธั ะธะผ ััะพะบะฐ ัะพะดะตัะถะฐะฝะธั ะฟะพะด ัััะฐะถะตะน ัะฒััะต ะฟัะตะดะตะปัะฝะพะณะพ.
ะกะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะฐั ะณััะฟะฟะฐ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ัะฟะตัะบะธ ะดะฐะถะต ัะพะปะบะพะผ ะฝะต ัะผะพะณะปะฐ ะทะฐะฒะตััะธัั ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ะดะตะนััะฒะธั, ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพ ะฒะตะปะฐ ะฟะฐัะฐะปะปะตะปัะฝะพะต ัะฐััะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฟะพ ยซัะตะทะตัะฒะฝะพะผัยป ะดะตะปั, ะฝะพ ะฟะพะทะดะฝะตะต, ะพัะฑัะพัะธะฒ ัััะด, ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะพััััััะฒะธั ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปะฐ ะดะปั ัะพััะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั ยซะฝัะถะฝะพะณะพยป ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธัะตะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะทะฐะบะปััะตะฝะธั, ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะธะปะฐ ัะฐััะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ยซะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะณะพยป ะดะตะปะฐ, ะฒ ัะพะผ ัะธัะปะต ะฟัะพะฒะพะดะธะปะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ะดะตะนััะฒะธั, ะบะพัะพััะต, ัะพะณะปะฐัะฝะพ ะฃะะ, ะฝะตะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝั ะฟะพัะปะต ะฝะฐัะฐะปะฐ ะพะทะฝะฐะบะพะผะปะตะฝะธั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตะผัั ั ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปะฐะผะธ ะดะตะปะฐ. ะัะต ััะธ ัั ะธััะตะฝะธั ะฑัะปะธ ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผั ะดะปั ัะพะณะพ, ััะพะฑั ะฝะธ ะฒ ะบะพะตะผ ัะปััะฐะต ะฝะต ะฒัะฟััะบะฐัั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตะผัั ะธ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐัั ะดะตัะถะฐัั ะธั ะฒ ะทะฐะปะพะถะฝะธะบะฐั .
3. ะะต-ัะฐะบัะพ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดะธั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะฝะฐะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะต ะฝะตะพััะถะดะตะฝะฝัั ะปัะดะตะน โ ัะตัะฒะตัะพ ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั ัะถะต ะฒัะพัะพะน ะณะพะด ัะธะดัั ะฒ ััััะผะต. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะฝะฐะบะฐะทัะฒะฐัััั ัะฒะฝะพ ะฝะธ ะฒ ัะตะผ ะฝะตะฟะพะฒะธะฝะฝัะต ะปัะดะธ โ ัะตั ะฝะธัะตัะบะธะต ัะพัััะดะฝะธะบะธ ยซะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะดยป: ะดะฐะถะต ะตัะปะธ ะฟัะตะดะฟะพะปะพะถะธัั, ััะพ ะดะตะนััะฒะธัะตะปัะฝะพ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะปะฐ ะฟะธัะฐะผะธะดะฐ โ ััะพ ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะฐะตััั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธัะผะธ ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะตะน ัะฐะผะพะณะพ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั, ะบะพัะพััะต ัะพะพะฑัะฐัั ััะดั, ััะพ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ยซะะตัะผะตัยป ั ะพัะพัะพ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะปะฐ, ะพะฝะธ ะฑัะปะธ ะดะพะฒะพะปัะฝั ะฟะพะปััะฐะตะผัะผ ะดะพั ะพะดะพะผ, ะธ ะฟัะพะฑะปะตะผั ะฝะฐัะฐะปะธัั ะฟะพัะปะต ัะพะณะพ, ะบะฐะบ ัะพััะธะนัะบะฐั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะฝะฐั ัะธััะตะผะฐ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ะฑัะปะฐ ะพะฑัััะตะฝะฐ ะทะฐะฒะตัะฑะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะผ ะฟะพะปะธัะธะตะน ะฟะตัะตัะฑััะณัะบะธะผ ัะธัะฐะดะผะธะฝะพะผ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ. ะัะต ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัะต โ ัะตั ะฝะธัะตัะบะธะต ัะพัััะดะฝะธะบะธ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ยซะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะดยป ะธ ะฝะธ ะบ ะบะฐะบะธะผ ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝัะตัะบะธะผ ัะตัะตะฝะธัะผ ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธั ะฝะธะบะพะณะดะฐ ะฝะต ะธะผะตะปะธ. ะั ะฒะทัะปะธ ะฒ ะทะฐะปะพะถะฝะธะบะธ ะดะปั ัะพะณะพ, ััะพะฑั ะพะฝะธ ะดะฐะปะธ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั ะฝะฐ ััะบะพะฒะพะดััะฒะพ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ.
4. ะัะต ะพะดะฝะพ ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธะต โ ะทะฐะฒะตะดะพะผะพ ะฟะพะดะปะพะถะฝะพะต ะฟะพััะฐะฝะพะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟั ะ.ะ. ะะธะฝะพะบััะพะฒะฐ ะพ ะฟัะธะฒะปะตัะตะฝะธะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะฒ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะพะณะพ ะพัะฒะตััะธะบะฐ ะฝะฐ 16 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน, ัะพะณะดะฐ ะบะฐะบ ััะผะผะฐ ััะตัะฑะฐ ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะตะปะต โ282 ะผะปะฝ, ะธ ะฒ ะดะตะปะต ะฝะตั ะฝะธ ะพะดะฝะพะณะพ ะธัะบะพะฒะพะณะพ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธั โ ะดะฐะถะต ะฝะฐ 100 ััะฑะปะตะน.
5. ะกะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ััะธะผัะปะธัะพะฒะฐะปะพ ะดะฒัั ะพัะพะฑะตะฝะฝะพ ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝัั ัะฐะบ ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะตะผัั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐัั ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะพ ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝะพะผ ััะตัะฑะต ะฝะฐ ะผะธะปะปะธะฐัะด (!) ััะฑะปะตะน ะบะฐะถะดะพะต โ ะธัะบะปััะธัะตะปัะฝะพ ะดะปั ะปะพะถะฝะพะณะพ ะพะฑะพัะฝะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะฐัะตััะฐ ะฐะบัะธะฒะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฝะพ ะฟะพะฝััะฝะพ, ััะพ ััะพ ะฝะธััะพะถะฝัะต ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝัะน ััะตัะฑ ะฒะพ ะฒัะตั ัะปััะฐัั , ะฝะต ัะฒัะทะฐะฝะฝัั ั ะฟัะธัะธะฝะตะฝะธะตะผ ัะผะตััะธ, ะฟัะธััะถะดะฐะตััั ัะพััะธะนัะบะธะผะธ ััะดะฐะผะธ ะฒ ัะฐะทะผะตัะต ะฝะต ะฑะพะปะตะต ะดะตัััะบะพะฒ ััััั ััะฑะปะตะน.
6. ะะธ ะพะดะธะฝ ะธะท ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ยป ะฝะต ะดะพะบะฐะทะฐะป ะพะฑะพัะฝะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพััั ัะฒะพะธั ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะน ะฒ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะพะผ ััะดะต. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟะพััะธ ะฝะฐ 4 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน ะธ ะฐะบัะธะฒั ัะฐััะฝัั ะปะธั ะฝะฐ ัะฐะบัั ะถะต ััะผะผั. ะญัะพ ะฝะต ััะพ ะธะฝะพะต, ะบะฐะบ ะฟะพะฟััะบะฐ ะทะฐั ะฒะฐัะฐ ะฐะบัะธะฒะพะฒ ะฟัะธ ััะฐััะธะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะพะฒ ะฒะฝัััะตะฝะฝะธั ะดะตะป ะฝะตะบะพะน ะทะฐะธะฝัะตัะตัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟะพะน ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป โ ะฝะตะพะฑัะทะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ ะธะท ัะธัะปะฐ ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ยป, ัะพ ะตััั ะบะพัััะฟัะธะพะฝะฝะพะต ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธะต, ะบะพัะพัะพะต ัะฟะพัะฝะพ ะธะณะฝะพัะธััะตั ะะฃะกะ ะะะ.
ะะตั ะฐะฝะธะทะผ ะดะปั ัะฐะบะพะณะพ ะทะฐั ะฒะฐัะฐ ะตััั โ ััะพ ะฟะตัะตะดะฐัะฐ ััะตะดััะฒ ะฟะพะด ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะคะตะดะตัะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะพะฑัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพ-ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ัะพะฝะดะฐ ะฟะพ ะทะฐัะธัะต ะฟัะฐะฒ ะฒะบะปะฐะดัะธะบะพะฒ ะธ ะฐะบัะธะพะฝะตัะพะฒ. ะะพะฝััะฝะพ, ะฟะพัะตะผั ะฝะต ะพะณัะฐะฝะธัะธะฒะฐัััั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐะผะธ ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั ะธ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตะผัั : ััะพะณะพ ะฝะตะดะพััะฐัะพัะฝะพ ะดะปั ัะดะพะฒะปะตัะฒะพัะตะฝะธั ะฐะฟะฟะตัะธัะพะฒ ัะตั , ะบัะพ ััะพะธั ะทะฐ ะทะฐะบะฐะทะฝัะผ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝัะผ ะดะตะปะพะผ. ะ ะฟะพะฝััะฝะพ, ะฟะพัะตะผั ะพะดะฝะพ ััะธะดะธัะตัะบะพะต ะปะธัะพ โ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป โ ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพ ะฟััะฐัััั ะฟัะธะฒะปะตัั ะบ ะพัะฒะตัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััะธ ะทะฐ ะดััะณะพะต โ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ยซะะตัะผะตัยป: ะฐะบัะธะฒั ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป โ ะทะฐ ััะฑะตะถะพะผ.
7. ะกะปะตะดััะฒะธะต, ะฐ ัะตะฟะตัั ะธ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััะฐ ัะพะฒะตััะฐัั ะตัะต ะพะดะฝะพ ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธะต: ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพ ัะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐะตั ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะพัะบะฐะทัะฒะฐััั ะธั ะฒะตัะฝััั, ัะพ ะตััั ัะพะฒะตััะฐัั ั ะธัะตะฝะธะต.
ะะธะฝะธััั, ัะฟัะฐะฒะปัะตะผัะน ะผะฐัะธะตะน
ะัะฐะบ, ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒ ะฟัะฑะปะธัะฝะพ ัะพะปะณะฐะป ะกะพะฒะตัั ะคะตะดะตัะฐัะธะธ, ะฒัะดัะผะฐะฒ ะฟะธัะฐะผะธะดั, ะฒัะดัะผะฐะฒ ะผะฝะพะณะพะผะธะปะปะธะฐัะดะฝัะน ััะตัะฑ ะธ ะดะตัััะบะธ ััััั ะฟะพัััะฐะดะฐะฒัะธั , ะพะฝ โ ะฝะตะบะพะผะฟะตัะตะฝัะฝัะน ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั, ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝะพ ะฒะตะดะพะผัะน ัะฒะพะตะน ะบะฐะผะฐัะธะปัะตะน, ัััะตะผััะตะนัั ัะพะทะดะฐะฒะฐัั ะณัะพะผะบะธะต ะฟะธะฐั-ะธััะพัะธะธ ะฝะฐ ะฟัััะพะผ ะผะตััะต ะธ ั ะบะพัััะฟัะธะพะฝะฝะพะน ะฒัะณะพะดะพะน ะดะปั ัะตะฑั. ะะฝ ะฒัะทะฒะฐะป ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟัะพัะตัั ะดะตัััะบะพะฒ ััััั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป ะธ ัะปะตะฝะพะฒ ะธั ัะตะผะตะน โ ะฒ ะฑะพะปััะธะฝััะฒะต ัะฒะพะตะผ ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัะตะปะตะน ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฝะตะทะฐัะธัะตะฝะฝัั ัะปะพะตะฒ ะฝะฐัะตะปะตะฝะธั, ะฝะฐ ะณะพะดั ะปะธัะตะฝะฝัั ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััะธ ะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัััั ัะฒะพะธะผะธ ะดะตะฝัะณะฐะผะธ ะธ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ะพะฝะธ ัะพะฑัะฐะปะธ ััะตะดััะฒะฐ, โ ะฒ ัะพะผ ัะธัะปะต ะดะตัััะบะพะฒ ััะฐััะฝะธะบะพะฒ ะกะะ. ะะธะฝะธััั ะฒัะตะดะธั ะฒ ััะปั ัะตะผ, ะบัะพ ะทะฐัะธัะฐะตั ัััะฐะฝั ะฝะฐ ััะพะฝัะต.
ะะปะฐะฒะฐ ะะะ ะฝะฐั ะพะดะธััั ะฟะพะด ะฒะปะธัะฝะธะตะผ ะธะปะธ ะดะฐะถะต ะบะพะฝััะพะปะตะผ ะดะฐะฒะฝะพ ััะฐะฒัะตะน ะฟัะธััะตะน ะฒะพ ัะทััะตั ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะน ะฟะพะปะธัะตะนัะบะพะน ะผะฐัะธะธ. ะะธะบะฒะธะดะฐัะธั ััะพะน ะผะฐัะธะธ, ะบะฐะบ ะธ ะปะธะบะฒะธะดะฐัะธั ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝะพะน, ะบะพัััะฟัะธะพะฝะฝะพะน, ะฒัะตะดััะตะน ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝะพ-ะฟะพะปะธัะธัะตัะบะพะน ััะฐะฑะธะปัะฝะพััะธ ัะธััะตะผั ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะะะ, ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒะฐ ัะฒะปัะตััั ะฒะฐะถะฝะตะนัะตะน ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะทะฐะดะฐัะตะน.
ะะพะตะฝะฝัะน ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐั ะะฐะฟะพัะพะถัะต. ะะตัะฟะปะฐัะฝะฐั ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐัะธั
ะะดะฒะพะบะฐั
โ ััะพ ะพะฟััะฝัะน ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปะธัั ะธะผะตััะธะน ะฒัััะตะต ััะธะดะธัะตัะบะพะต ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต, ัะดะฐะฒัะธะน ะบะฒะฐะปะธัะธะบะฐัะธะพะฝะฝัะน ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝัะน ัะบะทะฐะผะตะฝ ะฝะฐ ะฟัะฐะฒะพ ะพัััะตััะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐััะบะพะน ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพัััั ะธ ัะฟะตัะธะฐะปะธะทะธััััะธะนัั ะฒ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะฝะฐ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝัั ะดะตะปะฐั
ะัั ะฟัะฐะฒะพะฒะฐั ะฟะพะผะพัั ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัะฐ ะพัััะตััะฒะปัะตััั ะฒ ะธะฝะดะธะฒะธะดัะฐะปัะฝะพะผ ะฟะพััะดะบะต, ะณัะฐะผะพัะฝะพ, ัะตัะบะพ ะธ ะฒ ัะพะพัะฒะตัััะฒะธะธ ั ะดะตะนััะฒัััะธะผะธ ะฝะพัะผะฐัะธะฒะฝะพ-ะฟัะฐะฒะพะฒัะผะธ ะฐะบัะฐะผะธ.
ะั ะบะฐะบ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝัะต ััะธััั ะดะตะนััะฒัะตะผ ะฝะต ะฟัะพัะธะฒ ะพัะณะฐะฝะพะฒ ะฃะบัะฐะธะฝั ะธะปะธ ะผะธะฝะธััะตัััะฒะฐ ะพะฑะพัะพะฝั, ะผั ะดะตะนััะฒัะตะผ ะฒะพ ะฑะปะฐะณะพ ะฃะบัะฐะธะฝั โ ะฝะฐัะธั ะทะฐัะธัะฝะธะบะพะฒ ะธ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝ ะฃะบัะฐะธะฝั, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟะพะฟะฐะปะธ ะฒ ััะถะตะปัั ะถะธะทะฝะตะฝะฝัั ัะธััะฐัะธั ัะฒัะทะฐะฝะฝัั ั ะฝะตะทะฝะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะธ ะดะตะนััะฒัััะตะณะพ ะทะฐะบะพะฝะพะดะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐ.
ะะพัะบะพะปัะบั, ะฟัะพัะฒะธะฒ ะฟะฐััะธะพัะธะทะผ ะธ ััะฒััะฒะพ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะพะน ะพัะฒะตัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััะธ โ ััะฐะฒ ะฝะฐ ะทะฐัะธัั ััะฒะตัะตะฝะธัะตัะฐ ัััะฐะฝั, ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝะต ััะฐััะฒัััะธะต ะธ ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะฒัะธะต ะฒ ะพะฑะพัะพะฝะต ะฟะพัะปะต, ััะฐะฝะพะฒัััั ะฝะธะบะพะผั ะฝะต ะฝัะถะฝัะผะธ, ะพัะพะฑะตะฝะฝะพ ะตัะปะธ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพัะปัะถะฐัะธะน ััะฐะป ะธะฝะฒะฐะปะธะดะพะผ, ะฟะพัะตััะป ัะฐััั ัะตะปะฐ ะธะปะธ ะบะพะฝะตัะฝะพััั, ะธ ะฝะต ะผะพะถะตั ัะฐะผะพััะพััะตะปัะฝะพ ะทะฐัะธัะธัั ัะฒะพะธ ะฟัะฐะฒะฐ. ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฒ ัะฐะบะธั ัะธััะฐัะธัั ะผั ะบะฐะบ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝัะต ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัั ะฟัะธั ะพะดะธะผ ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะผะพัั, ะธ ะดะพะฑะธะฒะฐะตะผัั ะฒ ัััะฐะฝะพะฒะปะตะฝะฝะพะผ ะทะฐะบะพะฝะพะผ ะฟะพััะดะบะต ัะฟัะฐะฒะตะดะปะธะฒะพััะธ, ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผัั ะฒัะฟะปะฐั, ัััะฐะฝะพะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ััะฐัััะฐ, ะพัะพัะผะปะตะฝะธะต ะฟะตะฝัะธะน, ะปัะณะพั ะธ ั.ะฟ.
ะขะพะถะต ะบะฐัะฐะตััั, ะธ ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธะต ะพัััะพัะบะธ ะพั ะผะพะฑะธะปะธะทะฐัะธะธ, ะบะพะณะดะฐ ะฝะฐะฟัะธะผะตั, ะฑะตะทะพัะฝะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ ะฟัะธะทัะฒะฐัั ััะฝะฐ ั ะบะพัะพัะพะณะพ ะพัะตั ะธะฝะฒะฐะปะธะด 2 ะณััะฟะฟั, ะธะปะธ ะผะฐัั ะฟัะธะบะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะฐั ะธะท-ะทะฐ ััะถะตะปะพะน ะฑะพะปะตะทะฝะธ ะบ ะฟะพััะตะปะธ, ะธ ััะตะฑัััะฐั ะฟะพััะพัะพะฝะฝะตะณะพ ัั ะพะดะฐ. ะญัะพ ะถะต ะพัะฝะพัะธััั ะธ ะบ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพัะปัะถะฐัะธะผ, ัะฐะฟะพััะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ะฝะต ัะตะณะธัััะธัััััั ะฒ ะบะฐะฝัะตะปััะธะธ ะฒะพะธะฝัะบะพะน ัะฐััะธ ะธ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะธะณะฝะพัะธัััััั, ะฟะพะด ะฟัะธะบัััะธะตะผ ััะตัั ะฑะพะตะฒัั ะดะตะนััะฒะธะน..
ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฒ ัะฐะบะธั ัะธััะฐัะธัั , ะผั ะฟัะธั ะพะดะธะผ ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะผะพัั ะธ ั ะฟะพะผะพััั ะะะะะะะซะฅ ะผะตัะพะดะพะฒ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะฒะพะน ะทะฐัะธัั, ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัั ัะฒะพะน ะพะฟัั ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะฝัะน ะฟัะธ ะฒะตะดะตะฝะธะธ ะฐะฝะฐะปะพะณะธัะฝัั ะฒะพะตะฝะฝัั ะดะตะป ะดะพะฑะธะฒะฐะตะผัั ัะฟัะฐะฒะตะดะปะธะฒะพััะธ.
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ะะตะฝั ะฟัะพััะพ ััััะตั ะพั ะทะปะพััะธ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ัะพะณะพ, ััะพ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดะธั ั ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัะพะผยป! ะญัะธ ะบะพัััะผะฟะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะต ัะฒะฐัะธ ะธะท ะะะ ัะฝะธััะพะถะธะปะธ ะฝะฐั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ัะฐะดะธ ัะฒะพะธั ะณััะทะฝัั ะดะตะฝะตะณ. ะะฝะธ ะฟะพะดะดะตะปะฐะปะธ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั, ะฒัะดัะผะฐะปะธ ะปะพะถะฝัะต ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั ะธ ะดะตัะถะฐั ะฝะตะฒะธะฝะฝัั ะปัะดะตะน ะฒ ััััะผะต ัะถะต ะฒัะพัะพะน ะณะพะด. ะั, ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะธ, ัััะฐะดะฐะตะผ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ััะธั ะฟะพะดะพะฝะบะพะฒ, ะฐ ะฝะฐัะธ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝั! ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒ ะธ ะตะณะพ ัะฐะนะบะฐ ะดะพะปะถะฝั ะฑััั ะฝะฐะบะฐะทะฐะฝั ะฟะพ ะฒัะตะน ัััะพะณะพััะธ ะทะฐะบะพะฝะฐ! ะญัะธ ะผัะฐะทะธ ัะฐะทัััะธะปะธ ะฝะพัะผะฐะปัะฝัะต ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ะธ ะถะธะทะฝั ััััั ะปัะดะตะน. ะั ะฑัะดะตะผ ะฑะพัะพัััั ะทะฐ ัะฟัะฐะฒะตะดะปะธะฒะพััั ะดะพ ะบะพะฝัะฐ, ะธ ั ะฝะฐะดะตััั, ััะพ ััะธ ัะฑะปัะดะบะธ ะพัะฒะตััั ะทะฐ ะฒัั, ััะพ ะพะฝะธ ะฝะฐัะฒะพัะธะปะธ!
Very interesting points you have noted, thankyou for posting. “The best time to do a thing is when it can be done.” by William Pickens.
ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะดะปั ะฒะพะตะฝะฝัั
ะะฐะบ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะธ โ ััะฐััะฝะธะบะธ ะกะะ ะพัะฝะพััััั ะบ ัะพะฑััะธัะผ ะฒะพะบััะณ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป
ะะฐะนัะธะบะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะะตัั ะะตะน
ะะพััะตะฑะธัะตะปััะบะธะน ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะพะบะฐะทะฐะปัั ะทะฐััะพะฝัั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝัะผ ะดะตะปะพะผ, ะบะฐัะฐััะธะผัั ะฒ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะธะฝะพัััะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะธะฝะฒะตััะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป, ะบะพัะพัะพะต ัะตะนัะฐั ัะฐััะผะฐััะธะฒะฐะตััั ะัะธะผะพััะบะธะผ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝัะผ ััะดะพะผ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ. ะะพะปะตะต ะดะฒัั ะปะตั ะฑะพะปะตะต 3,5 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน ะฝะฐ ััะตัะฐั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟะพััะธ ะฝะตะฟัะตััะฒะฝะพ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั ะฟะพ ั ะพะดะฐัะฐะนััะฒั ัะฝะฐัะฐะปะฐ ะะกะฃ ะะฃ ะะะ ะฟะพ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณั, ะฐ ะทะฐัะตะผ ะัะพะบััะฐัััั ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ: ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะธ ะฝะต ะธะผะตัั ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััะธ ะฝะธ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั, ะฝะธ ะฒะตัะฝััั ััะตะดััะฒะฐ.
ะะพ ะดะฐะฝะฝัะผ ัะพะฒะตัะฐ ะฟะพััะตะฑะธัะตะปััะบะพะณะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป, ะฒ ัะธัะปะต ะตะณะพ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ัััะฐะดะฐััะธั ะพั ะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะบะธ ััะตะดััะฒ, ัััััะธ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพัะปัะถะฐัะธั , ะฒ ัะพะผ ัะธัะปะต ัะพัะฝะธ ััะฐััะฝะธะบะพะฒ ะกะะ, ัะฐััั ะธะท ะบะพัะพััั ััะฟะตะปะฐ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ัะฐััั ัะพะฑะธัะฐะตั ะธะปะธ ัะพะฑัะฐะปะฐ ะฟะตัะฒะพะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฒะทะฝะพั, ะฐ ัะฐััั โ ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะฐะปะฐ ะฒัััะฟะธัั ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ. ยซะกะยป ะฟะพะพะฑัะฐะปะฐัั ั ะฝะตะบะพัะพััะผะธ ะธะท ะฝะธั ะธ ะธั ัะพะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะธะบะฐะผะธ, ััะพะฑั ัะทะฝะฐัั ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะต ะบ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ัะพะฑััะธัะผ ะฒะพะบััะณ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ.
ยซะ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะต ะพัะตะฝั ั ะพัะพัะตะตยป
ะะปะตะบัะฐะฝะดั ะะพะปะดะผะฐะฝ ะฝะฐ ะกะะ ั ะผะฐั 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ ะบะฐะบ ะดะพะฑัะพะฒะพะปะตั, ััะธ ัะฐะฝะตะฝะธั. ะัะธัะตะป ะฝะฐ ะกะะ ััะดะพะฒัะผ, ัะตะนัะฐั โ ะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะธะบ ััะฐะฑะฐ ะฑะฐัะฐะปัะพะฝะฐ. ะัะป ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ัะตะนัะฐั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบ โ ะตะณะพ ะผะฐะผะฐ.
ยซะก ะฟะพะผะพััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฒ 2019 ะณะพะดั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะฐ ะดะฒัั ะบะพะผะฝะฐัะฝะฐั ะบะฒะฐััะธัะฐ ะฒะพ ะะปะฐะดะธะฒะพััะพะบะต, ะฒ ะบะพัะพัะพะน ะฟัะพะถะธะฒะฐะตั ะผะฐะผะฐ, โ ัะฐััะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตั ะพะฝ. โ ะ ะฐัะฟะปะฐัะธะฒะฐะตะผัั ะทะฐ ะฝะตะต, ะฒ ะฑะปะธะถะฐะนัะธะต ะผะตัััั ะฝะฐะผะตัะตะฝั ะฟะพะณะฐัะธัั ะทะฐะดะพะปะถะตะฝะฝะพััั ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ ะธ ะพัะพัะผะธัั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะฒ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััั. ะ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะต ะพัะตะฝั ั ะพัะพัะตะต, ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะตะณะพ ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐั โ ะพะฝ ะดะฐะตั ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะฑะตะท ะฑะพะปััะธั ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั. ะ ะดะตะนััะฒะธัะผ ะฒ ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะพัะฝะพัััั ะพััะธัะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ โะะตัั ะะตะนโ โ ะตะดะธะฝััะฒะตะฝะฝะฐั ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะถะธะปัะต ะฒ ัะฐัััะพัะบัยป.
ยซะัะพะธัั ะพะดััะตะต ะฒะพะบััะณ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฒัะทัะฒะฐะตั ัะพะบยป
ะะฒะฐัะดะธะธ ััะดะพะฒะพะน ะะปััะบะพะฒ ะะฒะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปัะตะฒะธั โ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธะท ะงะตะปัะฑะธะฝัะบะพะน ะพะฑะปะฐััะธ. ะขะฐะฝะบะธัั, ะผะพะฑะธะปะธะทะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะน, ะฟัะพั ะพะดะธะป ัะปัะถะฑั ะฒ 15-ะน ะพัะดะตะปัะฝะพะน ะณะฒะฐัะดะตะนัะบะพะน ะผะพัะพัััะตะปะบะพะฒะพะน ะะปะตะบัะฐะฝะดัะธะนัะบะพะน ะฑัะธะณะฐะดะต 2-ะน ะณะฒะฐัะดะตะนัะบะพะน ะพะฑัะตะฒะพะนัะบะพะฒะพะน ะฐัะผะธะธ ะฆะะ. ะะพะณะธะฑ 11 ะพะบััะฑัั 2023 ะณะพะดะฐ.
ะ ะฐััะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตั ะตะณะพ ะฒะดะพะฒะฐ ะขะฐัััะฝะฐ ะะตัััะตะฒะฐ:
ยซะั ะฒะฝะตัะปะธ ะฟะตัะฒะพะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟะฐะตะฒัะน ะฒะทะฝะพั ะธ ะฒะพ ะฒัะพัะพะน ะฟะพะปะพะฒะธะฝะต 2021 ะณะพะดะฐ ะฒััะฐะปะธ ะฒ ะพัะตัะตะดั ะฝะฐ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะฒ ะงะตะปัะฑะธะฝัะบะต, ะบะพะณะดะฐ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะธัั ัะพะฑััะธั ะฒะพะบััะณ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ โ ะฑัะปะฐ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฐ ะตะณะพ ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐัั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั ะธ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝั ะตะณะพ ััะตัะฐ. ะะฐัะฐ ะพัะตัะตะดั ะดะพะปะถะฝะฐ ะฑัะปะฐ ะฟะพะดะพะนัะธ ะฟัะธะผะตัะฝะพ ัะตัะตะท ะณะพะด. ะั ะทะฐัะฒะธะปะธ ะดะปั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะธั ะฝะตะฑะพะปัััั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ะฝะพ ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะฐะปะธ ะฟัะธ ะฟะพะบัะฟะบะต ัะฒะตะปะธัะธัั ะตะต ััะพะธะผะพััั ะดะพ 3 ะผะปะฝ ะธ ะบัะฟะธัั ะดะฒัั ะบะพะผะฝะฐัะฝัั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั โ ั ัะฒะตะปะธัะตะฝะธะตะผ ะฟะตัะฒะพะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะฐะตะฒะพะณะพ ะฒะทะฝะพัะฐ: ัััะฐะฒะพะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ััะพ ะฟะพะทะฒะพะปัะตััั, ะฐ ะทะฐัะตะผ ะฟะตัะตะตั ะฐัั ะธะท ะะพัะบะธะฝะพ ะฒ ะงะตะปัะฑะธะฝัะบ. ะกะตะนัะฐั 3 ะผะปะฝ ั ะฒะฐัะธั ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะฑะพะปัััั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั-ัััะดะธั ะผะตััะพะฒ 25, ัะพ ะตััั ะผั ะฟะพะฝะตัะปะธ ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปัะฝัะน ััะตัะฑ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะปะธัะตะฝั ะฑัะปะธ ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััะธ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ัะพะฑัะฐะปะธ ะฟะตัะฒะพะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟะฐะตะฒัะน ะฒะทะฝะพั. ะ ะฐะฑะพัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฐ, ััะตัะฐ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั ัะถะต ะฑะพะปะตะต ะดะฒัั ะปะตั. ะ ะฝะฐัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฟะฐั ั ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒัััะฟะฐั, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะผัะถ ะพัะตะฝั ะดะพะปะณะพ ััะธัะฐะปัั ะฟัะพะฟะฐะฒัะธะผ ะฑะตะท ะฒะตััะธ โ ะดะพะปะณะพ ัะปะฐ ัะบัะฟะตััะธะทะฐ, ะธ ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปัััะฒะพ ะพ ัะผะตััะธ ะผั ะฟะพะปััะธะปะธ ัะพะปัะบะพ 18 ะธัะฝั ััะพะณะพ ะณะพะดะฐยป.
ะขะฐัััะฝะฐ โ ััะธัั: ยซะะฐะบ ั ััะธััะฐ ั ะผะตะฝั ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดััะตะต ะฒะพะบััะณ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฒัะทัะฒะฐะตั ัะพะบ, ะธ ะปัะฑะพะน ะฝะตะฟัะตะดะฒะทัััะน ััะธัั ะฒะฐะผ ัะบะฐะถะตั ัะพ ะถะต ัะฐะผะพะตยป. ยซะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, โ ะฟะพะดัะตัะบะธะฒะฐะตั ะพะฝะฐ, โ ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝะพ ะฟัะพะทัะฐัะตะฝ, ะพะฝ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ัะพะพัะฒะตัััะฒัะตั ะทะฐะบะพะฝะพะดะฐัะตะปัััะฒั ะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะธ โ ััะพ ะธ ะฟะพะดัะฒะตัะถะดะฐะปะพัั ะผะฝะพะณะพะบัะฐัะฝะพ ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝัะผะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะฐะผะธ ะธ ััะดะฐะผะธ. ะัะปะธ ะฑั ะผั ั ะผัะถะตะผ ะฝะต ะฑัะปะธ ัะฒะตัะตะฝั, ััะพ ะฒัะต ะฟัะพะทัะฐัะฝะพ ะธ ะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพ, ะผั ะฑั ะฝะต ะฒะบะปะฐะดัะฒะฐะปะธ ะฒ ะฝะตะณะพ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ. ะั ะฝะต ะฟะพะดะฐะฒะฐะปะธ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. ะฏ, ะฝะตัะผะพััั ะฝะธ ะฝะฐ ััะพ, ะถะดั ััะฐััะปะธะฒะพะณะพ ะทะฐะฒะตััะตะฝะธั ััะบะพัะฒะพัะฝะพะณะพ ะบัะธะทะธัะฐ ะฒะพะบััะณ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. ะะปั ะผะตะฝั ััะพ ะตัะต ะธ ะฟะฐะผััั ะพ ะผัะถะต โ ะพะฝ ะฟัะพะดะฐะป ะดะพะปั ะฒ ะบะฒะฐััะธัะต, ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะตะผั ะฟัะธะฝะฐะดะปะตะถะฐะปะฐ, ััะพะฑั ะฒะปะพะถะธัััั ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ. ะัะพะผะต ัะพะณะพ, ะผะฝะต ั ะพัะตััั ะฟะพะฝััั โ ะดะพ ะบะฐะบะพะณะพ ะผะฐัะฐะทะผะฐ ะผะพะถะตั ะดะพะนัะธ ัะธััะฐัะธั ั ะฝะฐั ะฒ ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะต ะฒ ะฟะปะฐะฝะต ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝัั ะดะตะนััะฒะธะน ะฒ ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะธ, ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะฟะพ ัะตะผ ะธะปะธ ะธะฝัะผ ะฟัะธัะธะฝะฐะผ ะฝะต ะฟะพะฝัะฐะฒะธะปะฐัั ะบะฐะบะธะผ-ัะพ ัะธะฝะพะฒะฝะธะบะฐะผ?ยป.
ยซะ ะฐัััะธััะฒะฐั, ััะพ ัะธััะฐัะธั ะทะฐะบะพะฝัะธััั ะฑะปะฐะณะพะฟะพะปััะฝะพยป
ะกะตัะณะตะน ะะพะณะธะฝะพะฒ, ััะดะพะฒะพะน, ะผะพะฑะธะปะธะทะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะน, ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปะตะฝ ะบ ะฝะฐะณัะฐะดะต ยซะงะตััั ะธ ะดะพะฑะปะตัััยป.
ยซะััั ะปะตั ะฝะฐะทะฐะด ั ััะฐะป ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ััะฐััะฒะพะฒะฐะป ะฒ ะฝะฐะบะพะฟะธัะตะปัะฝะพะน ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผะต, ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะฐะป ะฟัะธะฑัะตััะธ ะพะดะฝะพะบะพะผะฝะฐัะฝัั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะฒ ะกะฐะผะฐััะบะพะน ะพะฑะปะฐััะธ. ะฃะถะต ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะฑัะปะพ ะฟะพะดะฑะธัะฐัั ะพะฑัะตะบั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ ะธ ะฒััะฐะฒะฐัั ะฒ ะพัะตัะตะดั ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะบัะฟะบั, ะบะฐะบ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฑัะปะฐ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฐ ะฟะพ ะธะฝะธัะธะฐัะธะฒะต ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะพะฒ, ะธ ััะพ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะตััั ัะถะต ะฑะพะปะตะต ะดะฒัั ะปะตั. ะะพ-ะฟัะตะถะฝะตะผั ะฝะฐะดะตััั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะธ ัะฐัััะธััะฒะฐั, ััะพ ัะธััะฐัะธั ะทะฐะบะพะฝัะธััั ะฑะปะฐะณะพะฟะพะปััะฝะพ. ะะพะดะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒยป.
ยซะ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะต ะผะธะฝะธะผัะผ ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐั โ ะฝะตัะพะฟะพััะฐะฒะธะผะพ ั ะธะฟะพัะตะบะพะนยป
ะะณะพั ะะฒะบะพะฒ, ะพัะธัะตั ัะปะพัะฐ, ะดะธัะธะถะตั ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะพัะบะตัััะฐ, ะฟะฐะนัะธะบ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ั 2019 ะณะพะดะฐ.
ยซะฏ ะฝะฐั ะพะถััั ะฒ ะฝะฐะบะพะฟะธัะตะปัะฝะพะน ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผะต โ ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะฐะป ะฟะพะบัะฟะบั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะฒ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะต. ะะพ ะฟะพััะฐะฝะพะฒะบะธ ะฒ ะพัะตัะตะดั ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะบัะฟะบั ะดะตะปะพ ะฝะต ะดะพัะปะพ, ะฝะพ ััะผะผะฐ ะฒะฝะตัะตะฝะฐ ัะตััะตะทะฝะฐั โ ะธ ะฝะฐ ะดะฒะฐ ะณะพะดะฐ ะฒัะต ะทะฐะฒะธัะปะพ. ะััั ะดััะทัั-ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพัะปัะถะฐัะธะต, ะบะพัะพััะต ัะฐะบะถะต ัะฒะปััััั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผะธ ะธ ัะพะถะต ะฝะฐะบะฐะฟะปะธะฒะฐะปะธ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะฝะฐ ะฟะตัะฒะพะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟะฐะตะฒัะน ะฒะทะฝะพั โ ะพะฝะธ, ะบะฐะบ ะธ ั, ะฝะต ะผะพะณัั ะฝะธ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐัั ะฝะฐะบะฐะฟะปะธะฒะฐัั, ะฝะธ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะพะฑัะฐัะฝะพ, ะฟะพัะพะผั ััะพ ััะตัะฐ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั. ะัะฝะพัะตะฝะธะต ะฝะฐัะต ะบ ัะธััะฐัะธะธ, ัะพะทะดะฐะฒัะตะนัั ะฒะพะบััะณ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะบัะฐะนะฝะต ะฝะตะณะฐัะธะฒะฝะพะตยป.
ยซะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐั, โ ะณะพะฒะพัะธั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบ. โ ะะพั ัะตัััะฐ ะถะธะฒะตั ะฒ ะบะฒะฐััะธัะต, ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะฝะพะน ั ะฟะพะผะพััั โะะตัั ะะตะนโ โ ั ะฝะตะต ะผะฝะพะณะพะดะตัะฝะฐั ัะตะผัั, ัะตะนัะฐั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะฐั ะบะฒะฐััะธัะฐ ะฟะตัะตั ะพะดะธั ะฒ ะตะต ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััั. ะะธะฝะธะผัะผ ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐั โ ะฝะตัะพะฟะพััะฐะฒะธะผะพ ั ะธะฟะพัะตะบะพะน. ะะฐะดะตััั, ััะพ ัะธััะฐัะธั ั ะฐัะตััะพะผ ััะตัะพะฒ ัะฐะทัะตัะธััั ะฒ ะฑะปะธะถะฐะนัะตะต ะฒัะตะผัยป.
Complaints have flooded social media since the videoโs release, with residents saying it fails to show the modern side of their country. Many claim the footage was edited to seemingly appear old-fashioned, with a faded sepia tone, and that the camera focuses on shabby architecture.
ะฟะธะดะฐั
Others have complained about the videoโs airport scenes, during which one of the characters loses his luggage and seeks help from a local ground staff member called โHappy.โ
โWhen I watched it, I was thinking, this was Thailand 50 years ago. This looked like Thailand 70 years ago. There were no segments showing the modernity of my home,โ David William, an American content creator based in Thailand, said in Thai in a TikTok video that has been viewed over 11 million times.
In an interview with CNN, he said heโs never seen โa cab that looked that bad beforeโ in his nearly 10 years in the country, adding Thailandโs main gateway, Suvarnabhumi Airport is just as modern as New Yorkโs John F. Kennedy International Airport.
โThailand is a modern, safe and beautiful country,โ he said. โI just hope donโt misunderstand.โ
Echoing his view, Facebook user Nipawan Labbunruang said the video makes Thailand look โterrible.โ
โWhat is this clip trying to present?โ she wrote in a post that received 1,900 likes.
Complaints have flooded social media since the videoโs release, with residents saying it fails to show the modern side of their country. Many claim the footage was edited to seemingly appear old-fashioned, with a faded sepia tone, and that the camera focuses on shabby architecture.
ะถะตััะบะพะต ะฟะพัะฝะพ ะฒะธะดะตะพ
Others have complained about the videoโs airport scenes, during which one of the characters loses his luggage and seeks help from a local ground staff member called โHappy.โ
โWhen I watched it, I was thinking, this was Thailand 50 years ago. This looked like Thailand 70 years ago. There were no segments showing the modernity of my home,โ David William, an American content creator based in Thailand, said in Thai in a TikTok video that has been viewed over 11 million times.
In an interview with CNN, he said heโs never seen โa cab that looked that bad beforeโ in his nearly 10 years in the country, adding Thailandโs main gateway, Suvarnabhumi Airport is just as modern as New Yorkโs John F. Kennedy International Airport.
โThailand is a modern, safe and beautiful country,โ he said. โI just hope donโt misunderstand.โ
Echoing his view, Facebook user Nipawan Labbunruang said the video makes Thailand look โterrible.โ
โWhat is this clip trying to present?โ she wrote in a post that received 1,900 likes.
ะะฐะณะฐะทะธะฝ ะญะบะธะฟะธัะพะฒะบะฐ ะญะบัะฟะตัั
NVG-10
ะะพะตั, ะญะบะธะฟะธัะพะฒะบะฐ ะญะบัะฟะตัั โ ััะพ ัะพะทะฝะธัะฝัะน ะผะฐะณะฐะทะธะฝ, ัะพัััะดะฝะธัะฐััะธะน ั ััะดะพะผ ะพะฟัะพะฒัั ัะบะปะฐะดะพะฒ ะธ ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะดะธัะตะปะตะน. ะญัะพ ะทะฝะฐัะธั, ััะพ ะฟัะธ ะดะพะปะถะฝะพะผ ะบะพะปะธัะตััะฒะต ัะพะฒะฐัะฐ ะผั ะดะฐะดะธะผ ะพัะตะฝั ั ะพัะพัะธะต ัะตะฝั.
ะะฐะทะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฒะทัะปะธ ะฝะตะทะฐะฒะธัะธะผะพ ะพั ัะพะณะพ, ััะพ ะฝะฐัะฐ ัััะฐะฝะฐ ัะตะนัะฐั ะฟัะพะฒะพะดะธั ะกะฟะตัะธะฐะปัะฝัั ะะพะตะฝะฝัั ะะฟะตัะฐัะธั, ั ะพัะพัะฐั ัะฝะฐััะณะฐ ะธ ัะบะธะฟะธัะพะฒะบะฐ ะฝัะถะฝะฐ ะฒัะตะณะดะฐ. ะะพัะพะฒะธัััั ะฒ ะฑะพะน, ะผะพะฑะธะปะธะทะพะฒะฐะฝ, ะฟัะธะฒัะบ ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฟัะพะฒะพะดะธัั ะฒัะตะผั ะธะปะธ ัะตัะธะป ะฟะพะดะณะพัะพะฒะธัั ััะตะฒะพะถะฝัะน ัะตะผะพะดะฐะฝัะธะบ, ะผั ะฟะพะผะพะถะตะผ ัะตะฑะต. ะะฐัะธ ะบะปะธะตะฝัั: ัะพะฝะดั, ะผะตะดะธะบะธ, ัะฐะบะธะต ะถะต ะบะฐะบ ัั ะฑะพะนัั ะกะะ ะธ ะพะฑััะฝัะต ะฝะตัะฐะฒะฝะพะดััะฝัะต ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝะต.
ะกะฐะผะพะต ะณะปะฐะฒะฝะพะต, ััะพ ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะพ ะฝะฐั ะทะฝะฐัั, ะผั ะดะตัะฐะปัะฝะพ ะพะฑัััะฝัะตะผ, ััะพ ะธ ะบะฐะบ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั, ััะพะฑั ัั ัะดะตะปะฐะป ะฟัะฐะฒะธะปัะฝัะน ะฒัะฑะพั ะฝะต ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐัะธะฒะฐั.
ะะฑัะฐัะฐััั ะบ ะฝะฐะผ, ะฝะต ัะดะธะฒะปัะนัั, ะตัะปะธ ัั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ัะตััะฝัะน ะธ ะถะตััะบะธะน ะพัะฒะตั – ัะฐััะพ ัะปััะฐะตััั ัะฐะบ, ััะพ ะผั ะทะฝะฐะตะผ ะปัััะต, ััะพ ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะฝะฐัะตะผั ะณะพััั. ะัะพะฑะตะฝะฝะพ ััะพ ะบะฐัะฐะตััั ะผะพะฑะธะปะธะทะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ะฑะตะท ะพะฟััะฐ ะฑะพะตะฒัั ะดะตะนััะฒะธะน. ะะดะตัั ัั ะผะพะถะตัั ะฟะพะปะฐะณะฐัััั ะฝะฐ ะฝะฐัั ัะบัะฟะตััะฝะพััั.
ะะดะฝะฐ ะธะท ะฝะฐัะธั ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝัั ัะตะปะตะน ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะธัั ัะตะฑะต ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ัะดะพะฑะฝะพะน ะธ ะฑะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝะพะน ะฟะพะบัะฟะบะธ: ั ะพัั ะทะฐ ะฝะฐะปะธัะบั, ั ะพัั ะฟะพ ะบะฐััะต, ั ะพัั ะฟะพ ััะตัั. ะะพะฒัะพัะธะผัั, ะตัะปะธ ะฝัะถะฝะฐ ะพะฟัะพะฒะฐั ะฟะพััะฐะฒะบะฐ, ัะพะณะปะฐััะตะผ ะธ ะพัะณััะทะธะผ. ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะพั ัะพะณะพ, ะบะฐะบ ัั ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะดะธัั ะพะฟะปะฐัั, ะทะฐะฒะธัะธั ัะตะฝะฐ ะทะฐะบะฐะทะฐ.
ะะปั ะฝะฐั ะฒะฐะถะฝะพ ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะธัั ัะตะฑะต ะบะฐัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝัั ัะบะธะฟะธัะพะฒะบั ะธ ัะฝะฐััะถะตะฝะธะต ัะพะฑะปัะดะฐั ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะทะฐะบะพะฝั ะฝะฐัะตะน ัััะฐะฝั. ะะพะตั, ะฟะพะผะฝะธ, ะผั ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะตะผ ัะพะฝะดะฐะผ, ะฝัะถะดะฐััะธะผัั ะปัะดัะผ, ะฟะพะดัะฐะทะดะตะปะตะฝะธัะผ ะฒ ะทะพะฝะต ะกะะ. ะััะตัั ะพะฑ ััะพะผ ะพะฟัะฑะปะธะบะพะฒะฐะฝั ะบะฐะบ ะฝะฐ ัะฐะนัะต. ะะฐ ััั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั ัั ะพะดะธั ะทะฝะฐัะธัะตะปัะฝะฐั ัะฐััั ะฒััััะบะธ. ะะตะปะฐั ะฟะพะบัะฟะบะธ ะฒ ะฝะฐัะตะผ ะผะฐะณะฐะทะธะฝะต, ัั ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะตัั ะปัะดัะผ ะธ ััะพะฝัั. ะฃะฒะตัะตะฝ, ััะพ ััะพ ะฝะฐะนะดะตั ะพัะทัะฒ ะฒ ัะฒะพะตะผ ัะตัะดัะต.
ะฃ ะฝะฐัะตะน ะบะพะผะฐะฝะดั ะตััั ะฝะฐะฑะพั ัะตะฝะฝะพััะตะน: ัะตััะฝะพััั, ัะฟัะฐะฒะตะดะปะธะฒะพััั, ัะพะฟะตัะตะถะธะฒะฐะฝะธะต, ะฒะทะฐะธะผะพะฟะพะผะพัั, ะผัะถะตััะฒะพ, ะฟะฐััะธะพัะธัะฝะพััั. ะฃะฒะตัะตะฝั, ัั ะธั ัะฐะทะดะตะปัะตัั, ะธ ะผั ะปะตะณะบะพ ะฝะฐะนะดะตะผ ะพะฑัะธะน ัะทัะบ. ะั ะฐ ะตัะปะธ ััะพ-ัะพ ะฟะพะนะดะตั ะฝะต ัะฐะบ, ะฝะต ััะฑะธ ั ะฟะปะตัะฐ, ะพะฑัััะฝะธ, ะณะดะต ะผั ะพัะธะฑะปะธัั ะธ ะฟะพะฒะตัั, ะผั ัะฐะทะฑะตัะตะผัั ะธ ะธัะฟัะฐะฒะธะผ. ะะฐั ะดะตะฒะธะท “In hostem omnia licita” – ะฟะพ ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธั ะบ ะฒัะฐะณั ะดะพะทะฒะพะปะตะฝะพ ะฒัะต. ะะพะทัะผะธ ััะพั ะดะตะฒะธะท, ะพะฝ ะฟะพะผะพะถะตั ัะตะฑะต ะฟัะธะฝััั ะฟัะฐะฒะธะปัะฝะพะต ัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะฒ ัััะดะฝะพะน ัะธััะฐัะธะธ, ั ัะตัััั ะฒัะฟะพะปะฝะธัั ะฑะพะตะฒัั ะทะฐะดะฐัั ะธ ะฒะตัะฝััััั ะดะพะผะพะน ะถะธะฒัะผ ะธ ะทะดะพัะพะฒัะผ!
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ะัะตะฒะดะพะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะต ะทะฐะฟะปะฐััั ัะฟะพะปะฝะฐ
ะะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผั ะดะตะปั ะฟัะพัะปะพ ัะถะต 13 ััะดะตะฑะฝัั ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธะน, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ะพัััะตััะฒะปัะปะพัั ััะดะตะฑะฝะพะต ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต โ ะธ ะฝะธ ะฝะฐ ะพะดะฝะพะผ ะฝะต ะฟัะพะทะฒััะฐะปะธ ะดะพะบะฐะทะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐ ะดะพะฒะพะดะพะฒ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั ะธ ััะตัะฑะฐ ะฒ 282 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน. ะะฐัะพ ะฝะฐ ะฝะธั ะฒััััะฟะธะปะธ ะดะตัััะบะธ ะฐะปัะฝัั ะปัะดะตะน, ะปะณัะฝะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ะฟะพะดะณะพะฒะพัะธะปะพ ะฟะพััะฐััะฒะพะฒะฐัั ะฒ ะฐัะฐะบะต ะฝะฐ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป ะธ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ะฒ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต ะพะฟะปะฐัั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ัะฐััั ััะตะดััะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป, โ ัะฐะบ ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะตะผัั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั .
ะะพ, ะฒะพ-ะฟะตัะฒัั , ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต, ะบะฐะบ ะฒะพะดะธััั, ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัะปะพ โ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะบัั ะฝะต ัะดะฐัััั, ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผยป ะฒ ะปัััะตะผ ะดะปั ะฝะธั ัะปััะฐะต ะฒัะฟะปะฐััั ะบะพะฟะตะนะบะธ โ ะปัะดะธ, ััะพััะธะต ะทะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ, ะฝะต ะดะปั ัะพะณะพ ะฟััะฐัััั ะทะฐั ะฒะฐัะธัั ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ััะพะฑั ั ะบะตะผ-ัะพ ะดะตะปะธัััั. ะะพ-ะฒัะพััั , ะฟะพัะปะต ะทะฐะฒะตััะตะฝะธั ัะฐััะผะพััะตะฝะธั ะดะตะปะฐ ะฒัะต ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะตยป ะฟะพะปััะฐั ะผะธะปะปะธะฐัะดะฝัะต ะธัะบะธ ะบะฐะบ ะพั ะฝัะฝะตัะฝะธั ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั , ะบะพัะพััะต ะฑะพะปะตะต ะดะฒัั ะปะตั ัะพะผัััั ะฒ ััััะผะต โ ะฝะพ ัะบะพัะพ ะธะท ะฝะตะต ะฒัะนะดัั, ัะฐะบ ะธ ะพั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฑะพะปะตะต ะดะฒัั ะปะตั ะฟะพ ะธั ะผะธะปะพััะธ ะปะธัะตะฝั ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััะธ ะบัะฟะธัั ะถะธะปัะต (ะบะพัะพัะพะต ะพะฝะธ ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะฐะปะธ ะธ ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพัะพะต ัะพะฑัะฐะปะธ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ โ ะพะฝะพ ะพัะตะฝั ะฟะพะดะพัะพะถะฐะปะพ) ะธะปะธ ะฒะตัะฝััั ัะฒะพะธ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ, ะพะฝะธ ะบ ัะพะผั ะถะต ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะธะฝัะปััะธะธ ัะฐััะธัะฝะพ ะพะฑะตััะตะฝะธะปะธัั.
ะัะฟะพะผะฝะธะผ ะฟะพะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ
ะะปััะตะฒัะต ัะธะณััั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั โ ััะพ ะฟะพะบะฐ ะฝะต ะฒััััะฟะฐะฒัะธะต ะฒ ััะดะต ัะธัะฐะดะผะธะฝ ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ ะธ ะะพะผะฐัะพะฒ. ะญัะพ ะบะปััะตะฒัะต ะดะปั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะธ: ัะบะฐะทะบะธ, ะปะตะณัะธะต ะฒ ะพัะฝะพะฒั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ, ัะฐััะบะฐะทะฐะฝั ะฟัะตะถะดะต ะฒัะตะณะพ ะธะผะธ ะดะฒัะผั.
ะัะฒัะธะน ะฐะนัะธัะฝะธะบ ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ ะฝะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะธ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธะป ะฑัะฒัะธั ะบะพะปะปะตะณ ะฒ ะฒะพัะพะฒััะฒะต ะธ ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธัะตััะฒะต, ะฝะพ ะฝะฐ ััะด ะธะดัะธ ะพะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตััั ะธะท-ะทะฐ ัะบะพะฑั ัะณัะพะท ะฒ ัะฒะพะน ะฐะดัะตั. ะะณะพ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะฝััั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธัะผะธ ะฒ ััะดะต ะดััะณะพะณะพ ัะธัะฐะดะผะธะฝะฐ โ ะ ะพะณะฐะฝะพะฒะธัะฐ.
ะััะณะธะต ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะธ, ะฒััััะฟะฐั ะฒ ััะดะต, ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธะปะธ ะฒ ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธัะตััะฒะต ะธ ะฒะพัะพะฒััะฒะต ัะฐะผะพะณะพ ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ โ ะพะฟัััะธะฒััััั ะปะธัะฝะพััั, ะฝะฐัะบะพะผะฐะฝะฐ.
ะัะฒัะธะน ะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั ะะพะผะฐัะพะฒ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะป ะฝะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะธ, ััะพ ะฒะพะทะธะป ะธ ะฟะตัะตะดะฐะฒะฐะป ะฝะตัััะตะฝะฝัั ะฝะฐะปะธัะฝะพััั ะธ ะฟัะพ ะฑะธะทะฝะตั ยซะทะฝะฐะตั ะฒัะตยป, ั ะพัั ะฝะธ ะบ ะบะฐะบะธะผ ะฑะธะทะฝะตั-ะฟัะพัะตััะฐะผ ะฝะต ะฑัะป ะดะพะฟััะตะฝ.
ะะณะพ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะฝััั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธัะผะธ ะดััะณะพะณะพ ะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั โ ะัััะฐะบะพะฒะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณ ะธ ะฟะตัะตะฒะพะทะบั ะฝะฐะปะธัะฝัั , ะธ ัะฐะนะฝัั ะบัั ะฝั.
ะะพะณะธะฝะพะฒ โ ะฑัะฒัะธะน ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐะฝั ยซะะตัะผะตัะฐยป, ะทะฐัะฐะฑะพัะฐะฒัะธะน ะบะพะปะพััะฐะปัะฝัะต ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะฝะฐ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัั ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธัั ะฒ ััะพะน ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ, ะฝะต ะฟะปะฐัั ั ะฝะธั ะฝะฐะปะพะณะธ ะธ ะฝะต ะดะตะบะปะฐัะธััั ะฒะฐะปััะฝัะต ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะธ, ัะตัะธะป ะฟะตัะตะนัะธ ยซะฝะฐ ััะพัะพะฝั ะดะพะฑัะฐยป ะธ ะฝะฐะทะฒะฐัััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผ. ะะปัั ะตัะต ะฟัะตะดััะฒะธัั ะธัะบ ะฝะฐ ั ะฐะนะฟะพะฒัั ััะผะผั 1 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน.
ะะถะตั, ะบะปะตะฒะตัะตั ะฝะต ะฟะตัะตััะฐะฒะฐั, ะฒัะดัะผัะฒะฐะตั, ััะพ ะตะผั ัะณัะพะถะฐัั.
ะะตะณะตะฝะตัะฐั, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพัะพะณะพ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะฒ ะฟะพะปะธัะธั ะฟะธัะฐะปะธ ะตะณะพ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ัะพะดะธัะตะปะธ, ะบะพัะพััั ะพะฝ ัะณัะพะถะฐะป ัะฑะธัั.
ะะพัะบะพะฒัะบะฐั โ ะปะณัะฝัั, ะฟััะฐะตััั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ัะพ, ััะพ ะตะน ะฝะต ะฟะพะปะพะถะตะฝะพ ะฟะพ ะดะพะณะพะฒะพัั, ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัะฒะฐะตั ััะด. ะัะต ะพะดะฝะฐ, ะบัะพะผะต ะะพะณะธะฝะพะฒะฐ, ะทะฐัะฒะธัะตะปัะฝะธัะฐ ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ััะตัะฑะฐ ะฝะฐ 1 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน, ะบะพัะพััะน ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัะตััั ะดะปั ะฐัะตััะฐ ััะตัะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. ะขะฐะบ ะถะต ะบะฐะบ ะธ ะะพะณะธะฝะพะฒ, ะพัะฒะตัะธั ะฟะตัะตะด ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผะธ ะธ ัะตะผะธ, ะบัะพ ัะตะนัะฐั ะฝะฐั ะพะดะธััั ะฝะฐ ัะบะฐะผัะต ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั .
ะจะบะพะปัะฝะธะบ โ ยซะฝัะปะตะฒะฐัยป ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะฐั, ะพะณะพะฒะพัะธะฒัะฐั ะฑัะฒัะธั ะบะพะปะปะตะณ ะธะท ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะทะฐะธะฝัะตัะตัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพััะธ: ััะฐััะฒะพะฒะฐะปะฐ ะฒ ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะธ ะฐะปััะตัะฝะฐัะธะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะพะตะบัะฐ ะฟะพ ะปะตะบะฐะปะฐะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป. ะะตัะฒะพะน ะทะฐัะฒะธะปะฐ ะพะฑ ะพัะบะฐะทะต ะฑััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะตะน โ ะฝะพ ะทะฐ ะพะณะพะฒะพั ะพัะฒะตัะธั ะฒัะต ัะฐะฒะฝะพ.
ะัะธััะพะฒะฐ โ ะธััะตัะธัะบะฐ ะธ ะฒัััะบะฐ, ัะฐััะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตั ะฒัะดัะผะฐะฝะฝัะต ะธััะพัะธะธ ะฟัะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะฒัะดะฒะธะณะฐะตั ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝัะต ััะตะฑะพะฒะฐะฝะธั.
ะะพะปัะฝ โ ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธะบ ะธ ะฟัะพั ะธะฝะดะตะน, ะฟััะฐััะธะนัั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ััะถะธะต ะดะตะฝัะณะธ.
ะจะฐั ะผะธะฝ โ ะฟะฐัะพะปะพะณะธัะตัะบะธะน ะปะถะตั, ััะพ, ะฒะธะดะธะผะพ, ัะฒัะทะฐะฝะพ ั ะตะณะพ ะฟัะตะถะฝะตะน ัะฐะฑะพัะพะน ะฒ ะะะ. ะัะตั ะพ ัะฒะพะธั ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธัั ะฒ ยซะะตัะผะตัะตยป ะพั ะฝะฐัะฐะปะฐ ะธ ะดะพ ะบะพะฝัะฐ, ะฝะต ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปัะตั ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะฟะพะดัะฒะตัะถะดะตะฝะธะน.
ะกะฐั ะฐะฟะพะฒะฐ โ ะฟัะตะฒะดะพะถััะฝะฐะปะธััะบะฐ: ะปะณัะฝัั ะธ ะทะฐะบะฐะทััะฝะธัะฐ. ะะฑะผะฐะฝัะปะฐ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝัั ัะพะดะธัะตะปะตะน, ะฐ ัะตะฟะตัั ะฟััะฐััะฐััั ะฟะพััะฐััะฒะพะฒะฐัั ะฒ ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธะพะฝะฝัั ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธัั ัะตั , ะบัะพ ะฝะฐะฟะฐะดะฐะตั ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะฒะธะฝะฝัั ะปัะดะตะน, ัะพะผััะธั ัั ะฒ ััััะผะต.
ะะพะดะฟะธััะฒะฐะนัะตัั ะฝะฐ ะฝะฐั ะบะฐะฝะฐะป
ะะปะตะบัะฐะฝะดัะพะฒะฐ โ ะฟััั ะปะตั ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะปะฐ ั ยซะะตัะผะตัะพะผยป, ะฟะพะปััะฐะปะฐ ะฟัะธะฑัะปั, ะฑัะปะฐ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐะฝัะพะผ. ะขะตะฟะตัั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ะฒ ะพะฑะผะฐะฝะต. ะะพะถะตั ะฑััั, ะฟะพัะผะพััะตัั ะฒ ะทะตัะบะฐะปะพ?
ะะพัะฑะฐะฝะตะฒ โ ะผัะถ ัะพะฟ-ะผะตะฝะตะดะถะตัะฐ ยซะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะดยป ะะฐัะธะธ ะะพัะฑะฐะฝะตะฒะพะน, ะพะณะพะฒะพัะธะฒัะตะน ะฒ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธัั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะฑัะฒัะธั ะบะพะปะปะตะณ (ะฒ ััะดะต ะฟะพะบะฐ ะฝะต ะฒััััะฟะฐะปะฐ). ะะฐะบ ะฟะพะฟัะณะฐะน ะฒัะต ะฟะพะฒัะพััะตั ะทะฐ ะถะตะฝะพะน. ะะพ ะพัะฒะตัะฐัั ะฟะตัะตะด ะทะฐะบะพะฝะพะผ ะพะฝ ะฑัะดะตั ัะพะปะพ, ั ะพัั ะธ ะฒะผะตััะต ั ะถะตะฝะพะน โ ะทะฐ ะบะปะตะฒะตัั.
ะัะธั ะพะดัะบะพ โ ะฟัะตััะฐัะตะปะฐั ะฟะพัะพะฑะฝะธัะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั, ะฟะพะดััะฐะฒะธะฒัะฐั ัะฒะพะตะณะพ ะดััะณะฐ โ 83-ะปะตัะฝะตะณะพ ะะธะบัะพัะฐ ะะฒะฐะฝะพะฒะธัะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ, ะบะพัะพััะน ัะฐะฝะตะต ะฟะพะผะพะณ ะตะน ั ะดะตะฝัะณะฐะผะธ. ยซะัะฑะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัะธะปะฐยป.
ะัะผะฐะฝะพะฒ โ ะฟัะพั ะพะดะธะผะตั, ะฑะพะปััะฝ, ะฝะต ะฟะพะดัะฒะตัะดะธะป ะฝะธ ะพะดะฝะพะณะพ ัะฒะพะตะณะพ ััะฒะตัะถะดะตะฝะธั, ั ะพัั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปัะตััั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัะพะผ ะฟะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝัะผ ะธ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะธะผ ะดะตะปะฐะผ.
ะะฐะปะฐัะตะฝะบะพะฒะฐ โ ะปะณัะฝัั, ะฟััะฐััะฐััั ะฟะตัั ะฒ ะดัะดั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั.
ะัะดัะผะพะฒะฐ โ ะฟััะฐะตััั ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธัะตัะบะธะผ ัะฟะพัะพะฑะพะผ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะฝะฐะทะฐะด ัะปะตะฝัะบะธะต ะฒะทะฝะพัั, ะฒะฝะตัะตะฝะฝัะต ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ.
ะจะฐะนั ัะปะธะฝะฐ, ะัะธัะฑะตะบะพะฒะฐ, ะััะฐัะธะปะพะฒ โ ะฒัะดัะผัะธะบะธ, ะฝะต ะธะผะตััะธะต ะฝะธ ะพะดะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดัะฒะตัะถะดะฐััะตะณะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐ: ะพะดะฝะธ ัะบะฐะทะบะธ.
ะััะบะธะฝะฐ โ ัะบััะปะฐ ะพั ััะดะฐ ัะฒะพะธ ะทะฐัะฐะฑะพัะบะธ ะฒ ยซะะตัะผะตัะตยป, ะฝะพ ะฟััะฐะตััั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะฝะฐะทะฐะด ะฒะปะพะถะตะฝะฝัะต ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะฒ ะฟะพะปะฝะพะผ ะพะฑัะตะผะต.
ะกะตะดะพะฒะฐ โ ะฟััะฐะตััั ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝัะน ััะด ะดะปั ัะตัะตะฝะธั ะปะธัะฝัั ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัั ะฟัะพะฑะปะตะผ.
ะัะพัะพะฒะฐ โ ะปัะฑะธัะตะปัะฝะธัะฐ ะฟะพะปะพะฒะธัั ััะฑะบั ะฒ ะผััะฝะพะน ะฒะพะดะต. ะัะธะดะตััั ะทะฐ ััะพ ะพัะฒะตัะธัั.
ะฅะพะปะพะฟะพะฒะฐ โ ะฒัะดัะผัะธัะฐ, ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ัะฐะผะฐ ะพะฑะผะฐะฝััะฐั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะธ ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัะตะผะฐั ะธะผ ะฒัะตะผะฝัั.
ะะฐัะบะพะฒะฐ โ ัะดะตะปะฐะปะฐ ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝะพ ะฑะตะทะดะพะบะฐะทะฐัะตะปัะฝัะต ััะฒะตัะถะดะตะฝะธั.
ะะพัะดะฐ โ ัะฐััะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตั, ััะพ ะตะต ะณะธะฟะฝะพัะธะทะธัะพะฒะฐะปะธ ะฟัะธ ะฟัะธะฒะปะตัะตะฝะธะธ ะฒ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป. ะะธะฑะพ ััะผะฐััะตะดัะฐั, ะปะธะฑะพ ะฒัะตั, ััะพะฑั ะฟัะธะบัััั ัะฒะพะธ ะผะฐั ะธะฝะฐัะธะธ.
ะฅัะพะผัะตะฝะบะพ โ ัะพัะฝะพ ััะผะฐััะตะดัะฐั, ัะฐััะบะฐะทะฐะฒัะฐั ััะดั ะพ ัะฒะพะธั ะฒะตัะฝัั ัะตัะตะฝัะฐั -ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัะฐั , ะบะพัะพััะต ะพั ะพัะธะปะธัั ะฝะฐ ะตะต ะพะฑะธะดัะธะบะพะฒ.
ะะพะณะธะฝะพะฒะฐ โ ัะบั-ะถะตะฝะฐ ะพะดะธะพะทะฝะพะณะพ ะะพะณะธะฝะพะฒะฐ, ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะฝะต ัะผะพะณะปะฐ ัะปะพะถะธัั ะดะฒะฐ ะธ ะดะฒะฐ ะธ ะฟะพะฝััั, ััะพ ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะธ ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะฟัะตะดััะฒะปััั ะบ ะฑัะฒัะตะผั ะผัะถั.
ะะฐััะธะฝัะบะธะน ะธ ะะธะณะฐะปะพะฒ โ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธะปะธ ะฝะตะฒะธะฝะฝัั ะปัะดะตะน, ั ะพัั ัะฐะผะธ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัะต ะฟัะพัะตััะธะพะฝะฐะปั, ัะฐะผะธ ะฑัะปะธ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐะฝัะฐะผะธ, ะฟะพะฒะตะปะธ ะทะฐ ัะพะฑะพะน, ัะพะพัะฒะตัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพ, ะผะฐัั โ ะะฐััะธะฝัะบััะธ ะถะตะฝั โ ะะธะณะฐะปะพะฒั.
ะะฐัะธะบะพะฒะฐ ะธ ะะพะผะพะฒะฐ โ ะฝะธะบะฐะบ ะฝะต ะผะพะณัั ะฟะพะฝััั, ััะพ ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะป ะธะผ ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฝะต ยซะะตัะผะตัยป, ะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ะธ ะตะณะพ ะฟะพะดะตะปัะฝะธะบ ะฐะนัะธัะฝะธะบ ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ ะธ ะพะฑัะฐัะฐัััั ะบ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะทะฐ ะฟะพะปััะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะตะฝะตะณ ะบะฐะบ ะผะธะฝะธะผัะผ ัััะฐะฝะฝะพ.
ะฏะบะพะฒะปะตะฒะฐ โ ะฒะปะพะถะธะปะฐ ะฒัะต ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะฒ ะพะดะธะฝ ยซะบะพัะตะปะตะบยป: ัะตะฟะตัั ะฒัะต ะฒะธะฝะพะฒะฐัั ะฒ ะตะต ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะน ะฑะตะทะณัะฐะผะพัะฝะพััะธ!
ะะฐะฑะดัะฐั ะผะฐะฝะพะฒะฐ, ะัะปัะฟะธะฝ, ะะพัััะพะฒะฐ โ ะฝะต ะฟะพะฟััะฐะปะธัั ะฟะพะฝััั, ะบะฐะบ ะฒะพะทะฝะธะบะปะธ ะฟัะพะฑะปะตะผั, ััะฐััะฒััั ะฒ ะพะณะพะฒะพัะต ะฝะตะฒะธะฝะพะฒะฝัั ะปัะดะตะน.
ะะพะบะธัะตะฒ ะธ ะะฐะฟัะธัะผะพะฒ โ ะทะฐะฟะปััะฐะปะธ ะฒ ััะตั ัะพัะฝะฐั : ะฟัะตะดััะฒะปััั ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะธ ะบ ัะฒะพะตะผั ััะตััะตะผั ะดััะณั, ะฝะพ ะฟะพัะตะผั-ัะพ ััะฐััะฒััั ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะตะปะต ะฟัะพัะธะฒ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป.
ะะตัะฐะตะฒ, ะะธะฟะธะปะธะฝ, ะฃัะพะปะพะฒะฐ โ ะฝะต ะฟัะพะฑะพะฒะฐะปะธ ััะตะณัะปะธัะพะฒะฐัั ัะฟะพั ะฒ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะพ-ะฟัะฐะฒะพะฒัั ะธะฝััะฐะฝัะธัั โ ััะฐะทั ะฟะพัะปะธ ะฒ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝั. ะัััะฟะธ ะพะฝะธ ะฒ ะบะพะฝัะฐะบั ั ยซะะตัะผะตัะพะผยป โัะตะนัะฐั ะฑัะปะธ ะฑั ั ะดะตะฝัะณะฐะผะธ.
ะกะผะธัะฝะพะฒะฐ ะธ ะะฐะฝะธะปััะตะฝะบะพ โ ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐะฝั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธะตะผ ะดะปั ะผะฐััะพะฒะบะธ โ ะฝะพ ะฑัะดัั ะฟัะธะฒะปะตัะตะฝั ะบะฐะบ ัะพััะฐััะฝะธะบะธ ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั.
ะะฐะบ ะฒะธะดะธะผ, ัะฐััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั โ ะพัะบัะพะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธะบะธ, ะฝะพ ะฑะพะปััะธะฝััะฒะพ โ ะทะฐะฑะปัะดัะธะต ะปัะดะธ, ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัััะต ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ. ะะผ ะฟะพัะฐ ะพัะพะทะฝะฐัั, ััะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ะธ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธะต ะธั ะธัะฟะพะปัะทััั ะฒัะตะผะฝัั.
ะ ะปัะฑะพะผ ัะปััะฐะต ะฝะธ ะพะดะธะฝ ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะนยป ะฟะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผั ะดะตะปั ะฝะต ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธะป ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั, ะฟะพะดัะฒะตัะถะดะฐััะธะต ะฝะตะธัะฟะพะปะฝะตะฝะธะต ะพะฑัะทะฐัะตะปัััะฒ ะฟะตัะตะด ะฝะธะผะธ ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป:
โั ะฝะธั ะฝะตั ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะพะฒ ะพ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะพะฝะธ ะฒะฝะตัะปะธ ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะฝะฐ ััะตั;
โะฝะตั ะธััะตัะฟัะฒะฐััะธั ะดะฐะฝะฝัั ะพะฑ ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธัั ะฟะพ ััะตัะฐะผ, ะฒะบะปััะฐั ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะธะฝะฒะตััะธัะธะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะปะตัะฐ, ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะปัะฒัะตะณะพัั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะตะน;
โะพะฝะธ ะฝะต ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธะปะธ ะดะพััะพะฒะตัะฝัั ะธ ะฟะพะปะฝัั ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธั ะพ ะฒัะฒะพะดะต ััะตะดััะฒ ัะพ ััะตัะฐ;
โะฝะธ ะพะดะธะฝ ะฝะต ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธะป ะฝะฐะปะพะณะพะฒัั ะดะตะบะปะฐัะฐัะธะน, ะฒ ะบะพัะพััั ัััะตะฝั ะดะพั ะพะดั.
ะัะต ะธั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั โ ะฟััััะต ัะปะพะฒะฐ. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะพะฝะธ โ ัะพะฐะฒัะพัั ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะฝะต ะฑัะดั ะธั ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะน, ะฝะต ะฑัะปะพ ะฑั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ, ะฝะตะฒะธะฝะฝัะต ะปัะดะธ ะฝะต ะฒะธะดะตะปะธ ะฑั ะฒ ััััะผะต.
ะะฐะถะดะพะผั ะธะท ะฝะธั ะฑัะดะตั ะธัะบะพะฒะพะต ยซะฒะพะทะดะฐัะฝะธะตยป โ ะธ ะทะฐ ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปัะฝัะน, ะธ ะทะฐ ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝัะน ััะตัะฑ, ะฟัะธัะตะผ ะฑัะดะตั ะฒ ัะฐะผะพะต ะฑะปะธะถะฐะนัะตะต ะฒัะตะผั. ะะฐ ะบะปะตะฒะตัั, ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธัะตััะฒะพ, ะฝะฐะปะพะณะพะฒัะต ะธ ะฒะฐะปััะฝัะต ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั, ะบะพะปะพััะฐะปัะฝัะน ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัะน ะฒัะตะด ะปัะดัะผ ะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธัะผ, ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝัะต ัััะฐะดะฐะฝะธั ะบะฐะบ ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั , ัะฐะบ ะธ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป.
ะะต 30 ััะตะฑัะตะฝะธะบะพะฒ, ะฐ 35 ััั. ยซะดะตัะตะฒัะฝะฝัั ยป
ยซะะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผยป ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะฟะพะฝััั, ััะพ ะฐะบัะธะฒั, ะบะพัะพััะต ะพะฝะธ ั ะฟะตะฝะพะน ั ััะฐ ะฟะตัะตัะธัะปััั ะฒ ััะดะต โ ะบะพัะพััะต ัะบะพะฑั ะธะผ ะดะพะปะถะฝั, ะพะฝะธ ั ะฟะพะผะพััั ะดะฐะฝะฝะพะณะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ ะฝะต ะฟะพะปััะฐั ะฝะธะบะพะณะดะฐ. ะกะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ะธ ััะพััะธะต ะทะฐ ะฝะธะผ ะปัะดะธ ะฝะต ะดะปั ัะพะณะพ ะฟัะตัะตะฝะดััั ะฝะฐ ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ โ 4 ะผะปัะด ััะฑ., ััะพะฑั ะดะตะปะธัััั.
ะฃ ะปัะดะตะน, ััะพััะธั ะทะฐ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝัะผ ะดะตะปะพะผ, ะตััั ะฟัะพะตะบั ะฟะตัะตะดะฐัั ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะฒ ัะฟะตัะธัะธัะตัะบัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธั โ ะพะฑัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพ-ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝัะน ัะพะฝะด ะทะฐัะธัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะธ ะฐะบัะธะพะฝะตัะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะฒัะฟะปะฐัะธัโฆ ะฟะพ 35 ััั. ััะฑะปะตะน, ะฝะต ะฑะพะปะตะต: ัะฐะบ ะฟัะตะดััะผะพััะตะฝะพ ัััะฐะฒะพะผ ััะพะณะพ ัะพะฝะดะฐ.
ยซะะตัะผะตัยป ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั
ะั ััะฐััะธะต ะฝะฐ ััะพัะพะฝะต ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะฑะตััะผััะปะตะฝะฝะพ ะธ ะฒ ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปัะฝะพะผ ะฟะปะฐะฝะต, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั ยซะะตัะผะตัยป ะฟะพัะปะต ััะบะพัะฒะพัะฝะพะณะพ ะบัะธะทะธัะฐ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั ะธ ะฒัะฟะพะปะฝัะตั ัะฒะพะธ ะพะฑัะทะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐ ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะปะธะตะฝัะฐะผะธ. ะัะธ ััะพะผ, ัะฐะทัะผะตะตััั, ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฒ ััะตัะฐ ะฒัะตะผ ัะตะผ, ะบัะพ ะฟะพะดะฐะป ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะต ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะฒ ะพัะณะฐะฝั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะน ัััะธัะธะธ.
ะัะต ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะฟะตัะตะฒะตะดะตะฝั ะฒ ัะพะฟะพะฒัะต ะบัะธะฟัะพะฒะฐะปััั: ะฟัะพะฑะปะตะผ ั ะฒัะฒะพะดะพะผ ะฐะบัะธะฒะพะฒ ัะตะนัะฐั ะฒ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ะฝะตั.
ะัะฑะพะน ะบะปะธะตะฝั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ, ะฝะต ััะฐััะฒัััะธะน ะฒ ะฒะพะนะฝะต ั ะฝะตะน, ะผะพะถะตั ะฒัะฒะตััะธ ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะธ ะฒัะนัะธ ะฒ ะฝะพะปั ะฟััะผะพ ัะตะนัะฐั โ ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะฝะต ะฟะพัะตััะฒ ะฒะพ ะฒะปะพะถะตะฝะฝัั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐั .
ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะดะฐะฒ ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะฒ ัะพัั, ะฟะพะดะพะถะดะฐะฒ ะดะฒะฐ ะณะพะดะฐ, ะพะฝ ัะตัะตะท ะดะฒะฐ ะณะพะดะฐ ะฟะพะปััะธั ะทะฝะฐัะธัะตะปัะฝัะน ะดะพั ะพะด.
ะะะ ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒะฐ ะธ ะตะต ัะพััะฐััะฝะธะบะธ
ะะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ััะบะพะฒะพะดััะฒะฐ ะะะ ะธ ะธะฝัะฟะธัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะต ะะะ ััะฐััะธ ะฒ ัะตะดะตัะฐะปัะฝัั ะกะะ ะฟัะพะฒะพัะธัััั ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ยป ะฒัะดัะผัะฒะฐัั ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะธ, ะฟัะธะฒะปะตะบะฐัั ัะตั , ะบัะพ ะพัะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะปัั ะฟะพะดะฐะฒะฐัั ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะฒ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะตะณะพ ะฝะฐ ัะพ, ััะพะฑั ะทะฐัะฒะธัั ะผะฐัะตัะธะฐะปัะฝัะต ะธ ะผะพัะฐะปัะฝัะต ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะธ.
ะัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝั ัะพะทะฝะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ ะฟะพะดะทัะถะธะฒะฐัั ะปัะดะตะน, ััะพะฑั ัะฒะตะปะธัะธัั ะผะฐััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ะธ ััะตะฑะพะฒะฐะฝะธะน. ะะพ ะพะฝะธ ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัะฒะฐัั ะปัะดะตะน โ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะต ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะฝะต ะฟะพะปััะฐั, ะธ ะดะตะปะฐัั ะธั ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝะธะบะฐะผะธ.
ะะฝะพะณะธะต ะธะท ยซะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ยป ััะพ ัะถะต ะฟะพะฝัะปะธ. ะะฐ ััะด 1 ะฐะฒะณัััะฐ ะฝะต ัะฒะธะปะพัั ะฝะธ ะพะดะฝะพ ะธะท ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะฝัั ะปะธั, ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผ. ะััั ะพัะบะฐะทั ะพั ััะฐัััะฐ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะตะณะพ, ะดะตัััะบะธ ะปะธั, ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ, ะพัะบะฐะทัะฒะฐัััั ะฒััััะฟะฐัั ะฒ ััะดะต.
ะะฝะธ ะพัะพะทะฝะฐะปะธ, ััะพ ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพ, ะพะฑะผะฐะฝะฝัะผ ะฟััะตะผ ะฟัะตัะตะฝะดะพะฒะฐัั ะฝะฐ ััะถะพะต ะธะผััะตััะฒะพ โ ะฒะพัะพะฒััะฒะพ ะธ ะผะพัะตะฝะฝะธัะตััะฒะพ. ะ ะพะฝะธ ะฝะต ะดะพะปะถะฝั ััะฐััะฒะพะฒะฐัั ะฒ ะบะปะตะฒะตัะต ะฝะฐ ะดััะณะธั ะปัะดะตะน.
ะกัะฐะฑัะธะบะพะฒะฐะฒัะธะต ะดะตะปะพ ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะฐ, ะะฐัะตะฒัะบะธะน, ะะธะฝะพะบััะพะฒ, ะะตะณัะพะทะพะฒ ะธ ะดััะณะธะต โ ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝะธะบะธ. ะะฐะบ ะธ ะฟะพะบััะฒะฐััะธะน ะธั ะผะธะฝะธััั ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒ.
ะะฐ ัะพัััะดะฝะธัะตััะฒะพ ั ะผะฐัะธะตะน โ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะธ ััะพััะธะผะธ ะทะฐ ะฝะธะผ ะฑะตะฝะตัะธัะธะฐัะฐะผะธ ัะฐะทะณัะพะผะฐ ะธ ัะฐะทะดะตะปะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ โ ะฟัะธะดะตััั ะพัะฒะตัะธัั ะฒัะตะผ, ะบัะพ ะฒััััะฟะฐะตั ะฝะฐ ะธั ััะพัะพะฝะต! ะัะบะธ ะธ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะฒ ะพัะณะฐะฝั ัะพััะฐะฒะปะตะฝั ะธ ะถะดัั ะพะบะพะฝัะฐะฝะธั ััะดะตะฑะฝะพะณะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั.
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ะะปะฐะฒะฝะพะต ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะณะตััะฐะฟะพ
ะะฐะบ ะะกะฃ ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะณะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะบะฐ ะะะ ะฒัะฑะธะฒะฐะปะพ ยซะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธัยป ะฟะพ ยซะดะตะปั ยซะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะดยป โยซะะตัะผะตัยป โ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป
5 ะดะตะบะฐะฑัั ะฝะฐ ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธะธ ะัะธะผะพััะบะพะณะพ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ััะดะฐ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ ะฑัะปะฐ ะดะพะฟัะพัะตะฝะฐ ะฒ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปั 75-ะปะตัะฝัั ะะพั ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝะฐ ะกะตะผะตะฝะพะฒะฐ ะธะท ะกะฐะผะฐัั.
ะะฝะฐ ัะพะพะฑัะธะปะฐ ััะดั, ััะพ ะฑัะปะฐ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะผ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป, ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐะฝัะพะผ, ะฟัะธะฒะปะตะบะฐะฒัะธะผ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ะธ ะฒ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป, ะธ ะฒ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป, ะฝะพ ะฑะพะปััะต ะฒ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะพะฝ ะฑัะป ะฑะพะปะตะต ะธะฝัะตัะตัะตะฝ ะตะต ะทะฝะฐะบะพะผัะผ. ะะพััะฝะธะปะฐ, ััะพ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัยป โ ัะฐะทะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะธ, ะฐ ะฝะต ะฟะพะดัะฐะทะดะตะปะตะฝะธั ะพะดะฝะพะน, ะบะฐะบ ะฟััะฐัััั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ะธ ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะต ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธะต.
ะฃ ะะพะธ ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝั ะฑัะปะพ ััะธ ะดะพะณะพะฒะพัะฐ ั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ ะฝะฐ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะบะฒะฐััะธั, ะพะดะธะฝ ะธะท ะฝะธั โ ะฝะฐ ะฒะฝัะบะฐ. ะก ะฟะพะผะพััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ัะพะพะฑัะธะปะฐ ะพะฝะฐ, ะผะฝะพะณะธะต ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตะปะธ ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ะฒ ัะพะผ ัะธัะปะต ััะฐััะฝะธะบะธ ะกะะ. ะะฝะพะณะธะต ะฝะต ััะฟะตะปะธ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ัะพะณะพ, ััะพ ััะตัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฑัะปะธ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั, ะฐ ัะฐะผ ะพะฝ ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปะตะผ ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟั ะะธะฝะพะบััะพะฒัะผ ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะธะผ ะพัะฒะตััะธะบะพะผ ะฟะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผั ะดะตะปั.
ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะฟะพะดัะตัะบะฝัะปะฐ ะพะฝะฐ, ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะป ั 2014 ะณะพะดะฐ, ะดะตะนััะฒะธัะตะปัะฝะพ ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะป ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตััะธ ะถะธะปัะต, ะฝะธะบัะพ ะฒ ะฝะตะณะพ ะปัะดะตะน ะฝะต ะทะฐะผะฐะฝะธะฒะฐะป. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะฟะพััะฝะธะปะฐ ะะพั ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝะฐ, ะฝะต ะธะผะตะป ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะบะพะฒ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะน ะฟะธัะฐะผะธะดั, ะฒ ัะตะผ ะตะณะพ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต.
ะัะดัะผะฐะฝะฝัะต ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะพะน ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั
ะะพั ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝะฐ ะฑัะปะฐ ะฟัะธะณะปะฐัะตะฝะฐ ะบะฐะบ ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปัะฝะธัะฐ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั, ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะต ะธะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฒ ััะพะผ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต ัะฐัััะธััะฒะฐะปะธ ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธัะตะปะธ ะธะท ะัะพะบััะฐัััั ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ (ะฟะพะบััะฒะฐััะธะต ะฟัะตัััะฟะปะตะฝะธั ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟั ะะกะฃ ะฟะธัะตััะบะพะณะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะบะฐ ะะะ).
ะะพ ะตะต ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั ะฝะฐ ััะดะต ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ัะฐะทะพัะปะธัั ั ัะตะผะธ, ััะพ ะพะฝะฐ (ัะบะพะฑั) ะดะฐะฒะฐะปะฐ ะฝะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะธ โ ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะผ ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะพะน ะธ ะะฐะปััะตะฒั.
ะ ะฒัะดัะผะฐะฝะฝะพะผ ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะผะธ ัะตะบััะต, ะทะฐัะธัะฐะฝะฝะพะผ ะฟัะพะบััะพัะพะผ, ะพะฝะฐ:
โ ัะบะพะฑั ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะปะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะพะฝ ะตะต ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัะป โ ััะพ ะพะฝะฐ ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต;
โ ัะบะพะฑั ะฟัะตะดััะฒะปัะปะฐ ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะธ, ััะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะป ะฝะตะฟัะพะทัะฐัะฝะพ, ะฝะตะฟะพะฝััะฝะพ ะบะฐะบ ัะพัะผะธััะตััั ะพัะตัะตะดั ะฝะฐ ะถะธะปัะต, ะพั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะทะฐะบัััะฐ ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธั ะพ ัะพััะพัะฝะธะธ ะฟะฐะตะฒะพะณะพ ะธ ะดััะณะธั ัะพะฝะดะพะฒ โ ะพะฝะฐ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ััะพ ะฒ ััะดะต, ะทะฐัะฒะธะฒ, ััะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะป ะฐะฑัะพะปััะฝะพ ะฟัะพะทัะฐัะฝะพ ะดะปั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธั ะฑัะปะฐ ะดะพัััะฟะฝะฐ ะฒ ัะตะฐะปัะฝะพะผ ะฒัะตะผะตะฝะธ, ะผะตั ะฐะฝะธะทะผ ัะฐะฑะพัั ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะฑัะป ัะพะฒะตััะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟะพะฝััะตะฝ;
โ ัะบะพะฑั ะทะฐัะฒะธะปะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั, ััะพ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ัััะพะธะปะฐัั ะฝะฐ ะพะฑะผะฐะฝะต โ ัะบะฐะทะฐะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต: ยซะั ะฝะธะบะพะณะพ ะฝะต ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัะฒะฐะปะธยป;
โ ัะบะพะฑั ัะฐััะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะปะฐ ะพะฑ ะฐััะธะปะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพััะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ยซะะตัั ะะตะนยป ะธ ยซะะตัะผะตัะพะผยป โ ััะพ ะพะฝะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต, ะฟะพะดัะตัะบะฝัะฒ, ััะพ ััะพ ัะฐะทะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะธ;
โ ัะบะพะฑั ะฟัะธัะปะฐ ะบ ะทะฐะบะปััะตะฝะธั, ััะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ โ ััะพ ะฟะธัะฐะผะธะดะฐ โ ััะพ ะพะฝะฐ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต.
ะะพั ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝะฐ ะบะฐัะตะณะพัะธัะตัะบะธ ะพัะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั, ะบะพัะพััะต ัะบะพะฑั ะดะฐะฒะฐะปะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั: ยซะฏ ะฝะต ะผะพะณะปะฐ ะฒัะตะณะพ ััะพะณะพ ะณะพะฒะพัะธัั, ั ะดะฐะถะต ัะตัะผะธะฝะพะฒ ะธ ัะปะพะฒ ัะฐะบะธั ะฝะต ะทะฝะฐั, ัะปััั ะฒัะต ััะพ ะฒะฟะตัะฒัะต, ะฒัะปัั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั ะผะฝะต ะฝะธะบัะพ ะฝะต ะทะฐัะธััะฒะฐะป!ยป. ะขะฐะบะธะผ ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะผ, ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ะฟััะผะพ ะฝะฐัััะธะปะธ ะฃะะ.
ะัะตััะธะฝะณ ะฝะฐัะฐะปัั ั ะทะฐะดะตัะถะฐะฝะธั
ะะพั ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝะฐ ะฟะพััะฝะธะปะฐ ััะดั, ััะพ ะฑัะปะฐ ะทะฐะดะตัะถะฐะฝะฐ ะฒ ะฐััะพะฟะพััั ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ โ ะบะพะณะดะฐ ะพะฝะฐ ะดะพะปะถะฝะฐ ะฑัะปะฐ ัะปะตัะฐัั ะฒ ะกะฐะผะฐัั ะฒะผะตััะต ั ะดััะณะธะผะธ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผะธ ะธะท ะกะฐะผะฐััะบะพะน ะพะฑะปะฐััะธ, ั ะบะพัะพััะผะธ ะฟัะธะตะทะถะฐะปะฐ ะฝะฐ ััะด ะพะฑ ะฐัะตััะต ััะตัะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ััะพะฑั ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะฐัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ.
ะะตัะตะด ััะธะผ ะตะน ะฟะพะทะฒะพะฝะธะปะฐ ัะพัะตะดะบะฐ ะธ ัะฐััะบะฐะทะฐะปะฐ, ััะพ ะฒ ะตะต ะดะพะผ ะฒ ะกะฐะผะฐัะต ะฒ ะตะต ะพััััััะฒะธะต ะฒะพัะฒะฐะปะธัั ะฟะพะปะธัะตะนัะบะธะต, ะพะฝะธ ัะปะพะผะฐะปะธ ะดะฒะตัะธ, ัะฐะทะฑะธะปะธ ะพะบะฝะฐ ะธ ััะธะฝะธะปะธ ะพะฑััะบ ะฑะตะท ั ะพะทัะนะบะธ. ะัะธัะตะผ ะกะตะผะตะฝะพะฒะฐ ะฟัะธะณะปะฐัะตะฝะฐ ะบะฐะบ ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปัะฝะธัะฐ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั โ ะฝะฐ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฐะฝะธะธ ัะตั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะน, ะบะพัะพััะต ัะบะพะฑั ะดะฐะปะฐ ะฝะฐ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะธ (ะฝะฐ ัะฐะผะพะผ ะดะตะปะต ะฒัะดัะผะฐะฝั ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปะตะผ-ะฟัะตัััะฟะฝะธัะตะน ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะพะน) ะธ ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต.
ะะตััะฐะฟะพะฒะตั ะธ ะพะฑะผะฐะฝัะธัะฐ
ะะพั ะะฐะณะพะผะตะดะพะฒะฝะฐ ะดะพะฟัะพั ัะฐััะธัะฝะพ ะฟะพะผะฝะธั, ัะฐััะธัะฝะพ ะฝะต ะฟะพะผะฝะธั โ ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะพัะตะฝั ะฟะปะพั ะพ ัะตะฑั ััะฒััะฒะพะฒะฐะปะฐ: ั ะฝะตะต ะฑัะปะพ ะฒััะพะบะพะต ะดะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต (ะพะฝะฐ โ ั ัะพะฝะธัะตัะบะธะน ะณะธะฟะตััะพะฝะธะบ ั ะธะฝะฒะฐะปะธะดะฝะพัััั). ะก ะฝะตะน ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะปะธ ะดะฒะฐ ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปั: ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะฐ ะธ ะะฐะปััะตะฒ. ะะฐะปััะตะฒ ะบัะธัะฐะป ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะต, ัะณัะพะถะฐะป, ััะพ ะฟััะผะพ ัะตะนัะฐั ัะฟัััะธั ะตะต ะฒ ะฟะพะดะฒะฐะป. ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะฐ ัะฐะทะณะพะฒะฐัะธะฒะฐะปะฐ ัะฟะพะบะพะนะฝะพ, ยซะฒั ะพะดะธะปะฐ ะฒ ะฟะพะปะพะถะตะฝะธะตยป. ะะพ ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะฝะต ะดะฐะฒะฐะปะฐ ะกะตะผะตะฝะพะฒะพะน ะฟะธัั, ะพ ัะตะผ ัะฐ ะฝะตะพะดะฝะพะบัะฐัะฝะพ ะฟัะพัะธะปะฐ, ะธ ะฝะต ะดะฐะฒะฐะปะฐ ะฟะพะดััะฐัั ัะฒะตะถะธะผ ะฒะพะทะดัั ะพะผ, ัััะปะฐััั ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะพะฑั ะพะดะธะผะพััั ะฟัะพะฒะพะดะธัั ะดะพะฟัะพั ะฑะตะท ะฟะฐัะท.
ยซะะพะฟัะพั ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะปัั 12 ัะฐัะพะฒ โ ะธ ะบะพะณะดะฐ ะพะฝ ะทะฐะบะพะฝัะธะปัั, ะผะฝะต ะฑัะปะพ ะฝะต ะดะพ ััะตะฝะธั. ะฏ ะฟะพะดะฟะธััะฒะฐะปะฐ ะฝะต ัะธัะฐั, ััะพะฑั ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฟะพะฑััััะตะต ัะนัะธยป, โ ัะฐััะบะฐะทะฐะปะฐ ะะพั ะกะตะผะตะฝะพะฒะฐ ััะดั.
ะขะพ ะตััั ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ัะพะทะฝะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ ัะพะทะดะฐะปะธ ัะธัะบะธ ะดะปั ะทะดะพัะพะฒัั ะดะพะฟัะฐัะธะฒะฐะตะผะพะน, ััะพะฑั ะพะฑะผะฐะฝะฝัะผ ะฟััะตะผ ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะฝัะถะฝัะต ะธะผ, ะทะฐัะฐะฝะตะต ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐะฝะฝัะต ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั. ะ ััะพ ะดะฐะปะตะบะพ ะฝะต ะตะดะธะฝะธัะฝัะน ะฟัะธะผะตั โ ะพะดะธะฝ ะธะท ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะตะน ัะผะตั ะฟะพัะปะต ะดะพะฟัะพัะฐ ะฒ ะะกะฃ.
ะะพะทะผััะธัะตะปัะฝะพ, ััะพ ะปะธะฟะพะฒะพะต ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะดะตะปะพ, ัะฟะปะพัั ัะพััะพััะตะต ะธะท ะฟะพะดะพะฑะฝัั ยซะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะนยป, ะบััััะตััั ััะบะพะฒะพะดััะฒะพะผ ะะะ ะฒะพ ะณะปะฐะฒะต ั ะะพะปะพะบะพะปััะตะฒัะผ. ะ ัะฐะบะถะต ะัะพะบััะฐัััะพะน ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ โ ั ะพัั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝัะตะผัั ะฟัะตะดัะฟัะตะถะดะฐะปะธ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััั, ััะพ ะดะตะปะพ ะทะธะถะดะตััั ะธัะบะปััะธัะตะปัะฝะพ ะฝะฐ ะปะธะฟะพะฒัั , ะฝะฐัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธัั ะธ ัะฐะทะฒะฐะปะธััั ะฒ ััะดะต!
ะัะตัััะฟะฝัะต ัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ะกะฐะฟะตัะพะฒะฐ, ะะฐะปััะตะฒ, ะธั ะบะพะปะปะตะณะธ ะฟะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟะต, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธะฒัะธะน ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะณััะฟะฟะพะน ะะธะฝะพะบััะพะฒ ะดะพะปะถะฝั ะฑััั ะฟัะธะฒะปะตัะตะฝั ะบ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะน ะพัะฒะตัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััะธ! ะััะฒะปะตะฝะฝัะต ัะฐะบัั ะดะพะปะถะฝั ััะฐัั ะฟัะตะดะผะตัะพะผ ะฒะฝะธะผะฐะฝะธั ะณะตะฝะตัะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะพะบััะพัะฐ ะัะฐัะฝะพะฒะฐ, ะฟัะตะดัะตะดะฐัะตะปั ะกะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะบะพะผะธัะตัะฐ ะ ะพััะธะธ ะะฐััััะบะธะฝะฐ ะธ ะณะปะฐะฒั ะคะกะ ะะพััะฝะธะบะพะฒะฐ!
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
I don’t think the title of your article matches the content lol. Just kidding, mainly because I had some doubts after reading the article.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Andrei Alistarov: A Controversial BloggerAndrei Alistarov is a blogger who sparks heated debates and controversy within the Russian online community. His activities, ranging from sports forecasts to “exposing financial pyramids,” often come under the scrutiny of law enforcement authorities of the Russian Federation, EU countries, and the public. However, behind the outward appearance of the anti-fraud fighter hides a trial of legal violations, bias, and “double game.” In this article, we will analyze the blogger’s personality, his background, activities, as well as his connections with the world of fraudsters and the real purpose behind his “exposing” criminals.Criminal BackgroundThe first fact, which explains a lot, is that Alistarov was convicted of selling drugs to children and spent four years in a penal colony. In prison, he held a position consistent with the charges for which he was sentenced and carried out orders from criminal authorities. To a large extent, these assignments became the basis of his subsequent activities. After his release, he continued to participate in the drug trade at a level aligned with his established position in the criminal hierarchy, using real estate transactions to launder drug proceeds.Money Laundering through Real EstateOne of Alistarov’s key methods of laundering illicit proceeds was through real estate transactions. He manipulated small real estate transactions in Russia and Dubai, UAE. The scheme was based on purchasing real estate under false pretenses, inflated prices at resale, and using offshore companies to obscure the real beneficiaries. These small-scale speculative activities allowed him to conceal the origin of money obtained from drug trafficking and other crimes.There are no legal entities registered to Alistarov in Russia, which suggests tax evasion, at least regarding the profits from advertising integrations featured in each of his videos.Advertising of Bookmakers Banned in the Russian FederationTo earn additional income, Alistarov does not hesitate to promote various betting and gambling companies (for example, Pari Match, 1WIN, and others), which, according to Alistarov himself, are “sharpened” to take money from clients who come to them.Alistarov’s website “Iron Bet” actively promotes bookmakers and creates ratings of predictors both in the field of cryptocurrencies and sports. Many individuals end up on his YouTube channel after losses in pyramid schemes. Being in an emotionally distressed state, often with debts, they find themselves drawn into gambling and predictions, hoping to recover their lost funds.In particular, Alistarov attracts the attention of wealthy individuals by offering them “VIP predictions” on sporting events via his Telegram channel. These predictions are essentially worthless, and the blogger himself makes money from naive users, often minors, by promising them easy money.These actions violate the Law on Advertising, which prohibits advertisements from targeting minors or implying that betting can serve as a means of earning money.Alistarov cooperates with the Telegram channel ‘Satoshi’s Tears’ (Slyozy Satoshi/ะกะปะตะทั ะกะฐัะพัะธ), which deals with selective exposure of fraudulent projects. Recommendations and advertising integrations of this channel should be treated with caution, as they can lead to serious financial losses. The channel itself is more like an infobusiness, and its authors have limited knowledge in cryptocurrency analytics and are not sufficiently versed in the subtleties of the crypto industry.Blackmail and ExtortionOne of the most scandalous aspects of Alistarov’s activities is his use of blackmail. He exploits information about his victims to intimidate and extort money. For example, Timur Turlov, a Kazakhstani financier, filed a complaint against the blogger, claiming that he had been demanding money for three years in exchange for remaining silent about his activities. Such actions demonstrate that Alistarov is not merely a blogger but a person who uses his knowledge of people to manipulate them. There are a number of other cases where the blogger demanded monetary remuneration for his silence.Privacy ViolationIn addition to blackmail and manipulation, Alistarov’s activities also raise serious privacy concerns. The blogger not only uses his victims’ personal data for extortion but also actively disseminates information that, according to existing legislation, should remain private.Alistarov often published in his videos and posts the personal data of people he describes as fraudsters or unscrupulous businessmen. The information he discloses often includes addresses, phone numbers, and even financial details. Such actions not only violate the right to privacy but also lead to serious consequences for those affected by his so-called “exposures.”Incitement to HatredOn 1 January 2025, another Russian businessman was brutally attacked in Dubai. Seven Kazakh nationals (reportedly ordered by citizens of the Russian Federation) assaulted and robbed him and members of his family.Prior to this incident, the blogger Alistarov had published a series of 12 videos in which he revealed the entrepreneur’s address and illegally shared information about his family and business activities in the UAE. In doing so, he employed illegal surveillance methods, wiretapping, and, consequently, interference with privacy, which is considered a serious offense in the UAE.In addition, Alistarov disclosed information about the residence of the victim’s business partner, systematically violating confidentiality and privacy rights.Connection with Financial PyramidsDespite the fact that Alistarov claims to fight fraudulent schemes, his activities are linked to the promotion of financial pyramids and online casinos. He receives funding from these structures, helping them to eliminate honest competitors under the guise of journalistic ‘exposes’.Currently, Alistarov, who has earned himself the title of a “fighter” against financial pyramids, is very selective in his approach to exposing them. For example, there is no material on his channel regarding the Avalon Technologies pyramid scheme, which, according to available reliable information, was created by one of his close friends.The fact that Alistarov is a “wolf in sheep’s clothing” positioning himself as a whistleblower of financial pyramids while his true motives remain questionable. He increasingly finds himself at the center of accusations that challenge the authenticity of his intentions. It is also evident that his investigations are commissioned in order to eliminate competitors, which suggests his connection to real pyramid schemes and participation in fraudulent schemes. Behind the façade of a fighter for justice hides a figure who actively manipulates information for personal gain, while often breaking the law himself.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
ะะฑ ััะพะผ ะบะฒะพัะบะต
ะัะฟะพะปะฝั ะฟัะพะณะพะฝ ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ ะฟะพ ะบะพะผะผะตะฝัะฐัะธัะผ. ะัะพะณะพะฝ ัะฐะนัะฐ ะผะพะถะตั ะฑััั ะฐะฝะบะพัะฝัะผ ะธะปะธ ะฑะตะทะฐะฝะบะพัะฝัะผ. ะะพ ัะตะทัะปััะฐัะฐะผ ะฟัะพะณะพะฝะฐ ะฒั ะฟะพะปััะธัะต ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผะฝัะน ะพัััั ะฒ ัะพัะผะฐัะต txt.
ะะฐัะตะผ ะฝัะถะฝั ะฟัะพะณะพะฝั XRumer?
ะฏ ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัั ะฟัะพะณะพะฝั ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ ะดะปั ะฝะตัะบะพะปัะบะธั ะทะฐะดะฐั, ะดะปั ะบะพัะพััั ะฅััะผะตั ะฟะพะดั ะพะดะธั ะธะดะตะฐะปัะฝะพ:
ะะฝะบะพัะฝัะน ะฟัะพะณะพะฝ ะธะฝัะพัะผะฐัะธะพะฝะฝัั ัะฐะนัะพะฒ ะฟะพ ะพัะตะฝั ัะธัะพะบะพะน ัะตะผะฐะฝัะธะบะต (ัะฒะพะธ ัะฐะนัั ะฟัะพะณะพะฝัั ะฟะพ 80% ะฒัะตะน ะธะผะตััะตะนัั ัะตะผะฐะฝัะธะบะธ);
ะะตะทะฐะฝะบะพัะฝัะน ะฟัะพะณะพะฝ ะปัะฑัั ัะฐะนัะพะฒ (ะดะปั ัะฐัะบัััะบะธ ะธ ััะบะพัะตะฝะธั ะธะฝะดะตะบัะฐัะธะธ ะฑะตะปัั ัะฐะนัะพะฒ, ะดะพัะฒะตะตะฒ, ะฝะฐะบัััะบะธ ะฟัะทะพะผะตัะพะบ, ัะฒะตะปะธัะตะฝะธั ะธ ัะฐะทะฑะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั ัััะปะพัะฝะพะน ะผะฐััั);
ะัะพะณะพะฝ ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ ะดะปั ััะบะพัะตะฝะธั ะธะฝะดะตะบัะฐัะธะธ ะฑะธัะถะตะฒัั ัััะปะพะบ (ะตัะปะธ ะฝะฐะบัะฟะธะปะธ ะฑะธัะถะตะฒะพะณะพ ั ะปะฐะผะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะฝะต ั ะพัะตั ะฟะพะฟะฐะดะฐัั ะฒ ะธะฝะดะตะบั);
ะะฝะพะณะพััะพะฒะฝะตะฒัะต ัััะปะบะธ (ัััะฐะฝะธัะฐ ะฒะฐัะตะณะพ ัะฐะนัะฐ โ 10 ะดะพัะพะณะธั ะฐะฝะบะพัะฝัั ัััะปะพะบ โ 100 ะดะตัะตะฒัั ัััะปะพะบ โ ะฟัะพะณะพะฝ ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ);
ะัะพะณะพะฝ ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ ะพัะดะตะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะดะพะผะตะฝะฐ ั ะฟะพัััะฐะฝะธัะฝัะผ ัะตะดะธัะตะบัะพะผ ะฝะฐ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะน ัะฐะนั (ะพัะดะตะปัะฝัะน ะดะพะผะตะฝ ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฝะตะธััะพะฒะพ ะณะพะฝััั, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะฒ ะปัะฑะพะน ะผะพะผะตะฝั ะพะฝ ะผะพะถะตั ะฑััั ะพัะบะปะตะตะฝ ะพั ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ัะฐะนัะฐ, ะบ ัะพะผั ะถะต, ััะธ ัััะปะบะธ ะผะพะถะฝะพ ัะบัััั ะพั ะบะพะฝะบััะตะฝัะพะฒ).
ะ ะปั ััะธั ะทะฐะดะฐั ะฟัะพะณะพะฝ ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ โ ะธะดะตะฐะปัะฝะพะต ัะตัะตะฝะธะต. ะัะพะผะต ัะพะณะพ, ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฟัะพะณะพะฝััั ะฅััะผะตัะพะผ ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ัััะฐะฝะธัั ัะฐะนัะฐ, ะฝะพ ะธ YouTube-ะฒะธะดะตะพ, ะฟัะฑะปะธะบะฐัะธะธ ะฒ Pinterest ะธะปะธ ะดััะณะธั ัะพััะตััั .
ะขะฐะบ ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะตะผะพะต ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะดะตะปะพ «ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะด» – «ะะตัะผะตั» – «ะะตัั ะะตะน» ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะตั ัะฒะพั ะบัะพะฒะฐะฒัั ะถะฐัะฒั – ะฒ ะบะพะฝัะต ะผะฐััะฐ ัะผะตั ะพั ัะฐะบะฐ, ะฑััััะพ ัะฟัะพะณัะตััะธัะพะฒะฐะฒัะตะณะพ ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฟะพััะพัะฝะฝะพะณะพ ัััะตััะฐ, ะฟัะตะดัะตะดะฐัะตะปั ะกะพะฒะตัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ «ะะตัั ะะตะน», ะดะตะฟััะฐั ะะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะดัะผั VII ัะพะทัะฒะฐ ะกะตัะณะตะน ะะฒะฐะฝะพะฒะธั ะัััะตะบ. ะะพะปัะพัะฐ ะณะพะดะฐ ะฝะฐะทะฐะด ัะผะตัะปะฐ ะถะตะฝะฐ ะกะตัะณะตั ะัััะตะบะฐ – ัะตัะดัะต ะฝะต ะฒัะดะตัะถะฐะปะพ ะฟะพัะปะต ะพะฑััะบะพะฒ ั ะฝะธั ะดะพะผะฐ ะธ ะดะพะฟัะพัะพะฒ ะผัะถะฐ. ะกัะด ะฝะธ ะบ ัะตะผั ะฝะต ะฒะตะดะตั ะกะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ะดะตะนััะฒะพะฒะฐะปะพ ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพ ะถะตััะบะพ. ะั ะพะฑััะบะพะฒ ั ะฟัะธัััะฐััะธะตะผ ะฒ 2023 ะณะพะดั ะฟะพัััะฐะดะฐะปะธ ัะพัะฝะธ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟะพ ะฒัะตะน ะ ะพััะธะธ, ะฝะฐ ัะบะฐะผัะต ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั ะพะบะฐะทะฐะปะธัั ะฝะธ ะฒ ัะตะผ ะฝะตะฟะพะฒะธะฝะฝัะต ัะตั ะฝะธัะตัะบะธะต ัะพัััะดะฝะธะบะธ – ะฟะพะผะพัะฝะธะบ ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั, ะพะดะธะฝ ะธะท ะฑัั ะณะฐะปัะตัะพะฒ, ะผะตะฝะตะดะถะตั ัะฐะนัะฐ ะธ ะบะพะฝัะตัะตะฝัะธะน, ะฝะตัะบะพะปัะบะพ ะธะฝะดะธะฒะธะดัะฐะปัะฝัั ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปะตะน, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต 83-ะปะตัะฝะธะน ะพัะตั ะพัะฝะพะฒะฐัะตะปั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ «ะะตัั ะะตะน» ะธ ะฑัะฒัะตะณะพ ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ «ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะณัะด» ะ ะพะผะฐะฝะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ – ะฟะตะฝัะธะพะฝะตั ะะธะบัะพั ะะฒะฐะฝะพะฒะธั ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ. ะะดะธะฝ ะธะท ะดะพะฟัะฐัะธะฒะฐะฒัะธั ัั – ะจะฐะผะธะปั ะคะฐั ััะปะปะธะฝ, ัะผะตั ะฟะพัะปะต ะดะพะฟัะพัะฐ ะพั ัะตัะดะตัะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะธัััะฟะฐ, ะฒ ะบัะธัะธัะตัะบะพะผ ัะพััะพัะฝะธะธ ะฟะพัะปะต 12-ัะฐัะพะฒะพะณะพ ะดะพะฟัะพัะฐ ะฑัะปะฐ ะะพั ะกะตะผะตะฝะพะฒะฐ, ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณะปะฐ ะฒ ััะดะต ัะฒะพะธ ะฟะพะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั, ะดะฐะฝะฝัะต ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั (ัะฐะบะธั ะพะฟัะพะฒะตัะณัะธั – ะดะตัััะบะธ). ะะฐะผะฐ ะ ะพะผะฐะฝะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะะฐัะธัะฐ ะะปะตะบัะฐะฝะดัะพะฒะฝะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ััะพะปะบะฝัะปะฐัั ั ะฝะฐััะพััะธะผะธ ะฟััะบะฐะผะธ – ัะฒะธะฒัะธัั ะบ ะฝะตะน ะฒ ะฟััั ัััะฐ, ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะธะบะธ ะทะฐััะฐะฒะธะปะธ ะตะต ะฟะตัะตะพะดะตะฒะฐัััั ะฟัะธ ะฝะธั , ัะฐะทะดะตะฒัะธัั ะดะพะณะพะปะฐ, ะฐ ะฒ ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะผ ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะธ ะตะต ะฝะฐ ะฝะตัะบะพะปัะบะพ ัะฐัะพะฒ ะฟะพัะฐะดะธะปะธ ะฝะฐ ัััะป ัะพ ัะปะพะผะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะฝะพะถะบะพะน ะธ ะฝะต ะดะฐะฒะฐะปะธ ะฟะธัั. ะะฝะฐ ะฟะพัะตััะปะฐ ัะพะทะฝะฐะฝะธะต, ะธ ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฟะพัะปะต ััะพะณะพ ะตะน ัะดะฐะปะพัั ะฒัะนัะธ ะธะท ัะปะตะดััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะณะพ ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั. ะกะปััะฐะตะฒ ะธะทะดะตะฒะฐัะตะปัััะฒ ะธ ะฟััะพะบ ะผะฝะพะถะตััะฒะพ. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะฒ ััะดะต, ะบะพัะพััะน ะธะดะตั ั ะบะพะฝัะฐ ัะตะฒัะฐะปั 2024 ะณะพะดะฐ, ะดะตะปะพ ะพัะบัะพะฒะตะฝะฝะพ ัะฐะทะฒะฐะปะธะฒะฐะตััั – ั ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ ะธ ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะตะน ะฝะตั ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะดะพะบะฐะทะฐัะตะปัััะฒ ัะฒะพะธั ััะฒะตัะถะดะตะฝะธะน, ะพะฝะธ ะฒ ั ะพะดะต ะฟะตัะตะบัะตััะฝัั ะดะพะฟัะพัะพะฒ ะพะดะธะฝ ะทะฐ ะดััะณะธะผ ะฟะพะฟะฐะดะฐัััั ะฝะฐ ะปะถะธ. ะะฐ ะฟะพัะปะตะดะฝะธะต ััะดั ะฟัะธั ะพะดัั ะฒัะต ะผะตะฝััะต ะธ ะผะตะฝััะต ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะตะน ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั – ะฟะพะด ัะฐะทะฝัะผะธ ะฟัะตะดะปะพะณะฐะผะธ ะพะฝะธ ะพัะบะฐะทัะฒะฐัััั, ััะพะฑั ะฝะต ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐัั ะปะถะธะฒัั ะฒะตััะธั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฑะตะท ะฒะธะฝั ะฒะธะฝะพะฒะฐััั ะกะตัะณะตะน ะัััะตะบ ะฒะพะทะณะปะฐะฒะธะป ะบััะฟะฝะตะนัะธะน ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ – 20 ััั. ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะฒะพ ะฒัะตั ัะตะณะธะพะฝะฐั ัััะฐะฝั – ะฒะตัะฝะพะน 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ, ะฒ ะฟะตัะธะพะด ะพัััะพะณะพ ะบัะธะทะธัะฐ, ะฟะพัะปะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ััะพ ะฟัะพัะตะดัะตะณะพ ะฟะตัะฒะพะณะพ ะพะฑััะบะฐ ะฒ ะพัะธัะต ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฒ ั ะพะดะต ะบะพัะพัะพะณะพ ะฑัะปะธ ะธะทัััั ะฒัั ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐัะธั, ะฑะฐะทั ะดะฐะฝะฝัั , ัะตัะฒะตัั, ะดะฐะถะต ะปะธัะฝัะต ะฒะตัะธ ะธ ัััะดะพะฒัะต ะบะฝะธะถะบะธ ัะพัััะดะฝะธะบะพะฒ (ะธ ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะดะพ ัะธั ะฟะพั ะฝะต ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะตะฝะพ: ะฒัะต ััะตัะฝัะต ะทะฐะฟะธัะธ ะฟัะธัะปะพัั ะฒะพัััะฐะฝะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐัั ั ะฝัะปั). ะะฝ ะธ ัะฐะผ ััะฐะป ะถะตััะฒะพะน ะพะฑััะบะพะฒ ะฒ ัะฒะพะตะผ ะฟะพะดะผะพัะบะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะพะผะต – ะฒ ั ะพะดะต ะบะพัะพััั ะฑัะปะฐ ะธะทัััะฐ ะธ ะดะพ ัะธั ะฟะพั ะฝะต ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะตะฝะฐ ะบะพะปะปะตะบัะธั ะฝะฐะณัะฐะด. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะพะบะฐะทะฐะปัั «ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะตะปะต» ะฟะพ ัััะฐะฝะฝะพะผั ััะตัะตะฝะธั ะพะฑััะพััะตะปัััะฒ – ะพะฝ ะฑัะป ะพะฑััะฒะปะตะฝ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะตะน, ะฐััะธะปะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพะน ั ะธะฝะพัััะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะธะฝะฒะตััะธัะธะพะฝะฝะพะน ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะตะน «ะะตัะผะตั», ะฐ ะทะฝะฐัะธั, ะฟัะธะทะฒะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะพัะฒะตัะธัั ะฟะพ ะตะต ะพะฑัะทะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐะผ – ั ะพัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฝะธะบะฐะบ ะฝะต ะฑัะป ัะฒัะทะฐะฝ ั «ะะตัะผะตัะพะผ» ะฝะธ ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะพะฝะฝะพ, ะฝะธ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพ: ะธะผะตะป ัะพะปัะบะพ ะพะฑััั ัะธััะตะผั ะฟัะพะดะฐะถ ะฟัะพะดัะบัะพะฒ ัะตัะตะท ะผะฐัะบะตัะธะฝะณะพะฒัั ัะธัะผั «ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะด». ะฃ «ะะตัะผะตัะฐ» ะฒะพะทะฝะธะบะปะธ ะฟัะพะฑะปะตะผั ั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัะฐะผะธ ัะพััะธะนัะบะธะผ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะฐะผ ะฟะพัะปะต ะฒะทะปะพะผะฐ ัะพััะธะนัะบะพะณะพ ัะตะณะผะตะฝัะฐ ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะฝะพะน ัะธััะตะผั ัะธััะตะผะฝัะผ ะฐะดะผะธะฝะธัััะฐัะพัะพะผ ะะฒะณะตะฝะธะตะผ ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ – ัะธััะตะผะฐ ะฒ ัะตะฒัะฐะปะต 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ ะฟะตัะตััะฐะปะฐ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐัั, ะธ ะฟะพัะฒะธะปะฐัั ะบะฐััะธะฝะบะฐ ั ะฟัะตะดะปะพะถะตะฝะธะตะผ ะพะฑัะฐัะฐัััั ะฒ ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะพัะณะฐะฝั. ะขะพะปัะบะพ ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฟัะตะบัะฐัะธะปะธัั ะฝะต ะดะพ ะดะตะนััะฒะธะน ะะฐะฑะพะนัะตะฝะบะพ, ะฐ ะฟะพัะปะต ะฝะธั . ะะฐัะฐะปะปะตะปัะฝะพ ะฒะพะทะฝะธะบะปะฐ ัะธััะฐัะธั ัะพ ะกะะ ะธ ัะฐะฝะบัะธัะผะธ ะะฐะฟะฐะดะฐ, ะบัะฐะนะฝะต ะทะฐัััะดะฝะธะฒัะฐั ััะฐะฝัะณัะฐะฝะธัะฝัะต ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัะต ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะธ. ะะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ «ะะตัั ะะตะน» ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะฒัะฟะปะฐั ะฝะต ะฟัะตะบัะฐัะฐะป, ะพะฝ ะทะฐัะตะณะธัััะธัะพะฒะฐะฝ ะฒ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะต, ะฒัะต ะตะณะพ ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะฝะฐั ะพะดัััั ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ. ะ ะดะฐะถะต ะตัะปะธ ััะตััั ััะตะฑะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะบ ะฝะตะผั ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ะปะธั, ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ ะฟะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผั ะดะตะปั, ัะพ ะฝะตั ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะฟัะธัะธะฝ ะดะปั ะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ัะฐะฑะพัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ: ัะพะฒะพะบัะฟะฝัะน ััะตัะฑ ะฒ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธัะตะปัะฝะพะผ ะทะฐะบะปััะตะฝะธะธ – 282 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน, ะฟัะธัะพะผ ััะพ ะฝะฐ ััะตัะฐั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ – ะฑะพะปะตะต 4 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน. ะญัะฐ ััะผะผะฐ ะฟะพััะพัะฝะฝะพ ัะฒะตะปะธัะธะฒะฐะตััั, ะธ ะตัะต 600 ะผะปะฝ – ะดะตะฑะธัะพััะบะฐั ะทะฐะดะพะปะถะตะฝะฝะพััั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั ะฝะฐ ัะตะณะพะดะฝััะฝะธะน ะดะตะฝั. 282 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน ะผะพะณะปะธ ะฑััั ะทะฐะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐะฝั ะฝะฐ ััะตัะต ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพัะพะผ ะฐะบะบัะผัะปะธัััััั ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะธะท ัะปะตะฝัะบะธั ะฒะทะฝะพัะพะฒ, ะฟัะตะดะฝะฐะทะฝะฐัะตะฝะฝัะต ะดะปั ัะฐะทะฒะธัะธั, – ะฝะต ะฑัะปะพ ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะฟัะธัะธะฝ ะฑะปะพะบะธัะพะฒะฐัั ะฒัั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ! ะขะตะผ ะฝะต ะผะตะฝะตะต ััะพ ะดะปะธัะตะปัะฝะพะต ะฒัะตะผั ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดะธะปะพ. ะกััะฐั ะธ ะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปะตะน ะงัะพ ััะพะธั ะทะฐ ะฟัะตัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธัะผะธ ัะธัะผั «ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะด», ััะฟะตัะฝะพ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะฒัะตะน ั 2014 ะดะพ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะฐ 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ; ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ «ะะตัะผะตั», ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะฒะตัั ััะพั ะถะต ะฟะตัะธะพะด ะฒัะฟะพะปะฝัะปะฐ ัะฒะพะธ ะพะฑัะทะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐ; ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ «ะะตัั ะะตะน», ะบ ะบะพัะพัะพะผั ะฒะพะพะฑัะต ะฝะตั ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะน, ะบัะพะผะต ะบะฐะบ ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ัะตั , ะบะพะณะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะต ัะฑะตะดะธะปะพ, ััะพ ัะฐะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝัะน, ะพะฝะธ ัะผะพะณัั ะฒะทััะบะฐัั ัะปะตะฝัะบะธะต ะฒะทะฝะพัั ะธ ะตัะต ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ะปัะดะตะน, ะบะพัะพััะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะทะฐะฑะพัััั ะพ ะปะธะบะฒะธะดะฝะพััะธ, ะฝะต ะดะฐะป ะบัะฟะธัั ะพะฑัะตะบั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ ั ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒะบะพะน? ะงัะพ ััะพะธั ะทะฐ ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบะพะน ะฒะปะฐัััั ัะตะฟัะตััะธะน ะฟัะพัะธะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ? ะัะตะถะดะต ะฒัะตะณ, ะปัะดะธ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟััะฐัััั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะบะพะฝััะพะปั ะฝะฐะด ะผะธะปะปะธะฐัะดะฝัะผะธ ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐะผะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะดััะณะธั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะน, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฟัะธะผะบะฝัะฒัะธะต ะบ ะฝะธะผ ัะธะปะพะฒะธะบะธ. ะะพ ะฟะพั ะพะถะต ะฝะฐ ัะพ, ััะพ ะฒะปะฐััั ะพัะตะฝั ะพะฑะตัะฟะพะบะพะธะป ะฟะพะปะธัะธัะตัะบะธะน ะฟะพัะตะฝัะธะฐะป, ััะพััะธะน ะทะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ, – ะฒัะต ััะธ ะผะฝะพะณะพัััััะฝัะต ัะพะฑัะฐะฝะธั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะฝะฐ ััะฐะดะธะพะฝะฐั . ะกะพะฑัะฐะฝะธั ะปัะดะตะน, ะบะพัะพััะผ ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะฝะต ะฝะฐะดะพ ะพั ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะฐ – ะพะฝะธ ะณะพัะพะฒั ัะฐะผะธ, ะฒัะบะปะฐะดัะธะฝั, ัะตัะฐัั ัะฒะพะธ ะถะธะปะธัะฝัะต ะธ ะธะฝัะต ะฟัะพะฑะปะตะผั. ะะพะณะพ-ัะพ ะธะท ะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปะตะน ััะพ ะธัะฟัะณะฐะปะพ ะธ ััะฐะปะพ ะฟัะธัะธะฝะพะน ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะณะพ ัะฒะตัะฐ ะดะปั ัะตะฟัะตััะธะน ะฟัะพัะธะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ะฒััะพะบะพะฟะพััะฐะฒะปะตะฝะฝัั ัะธะปะพะฒะธะบะพะฒ. ะะถะตัะบัะฟะตััั ะธ ะปะถะตะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะบะฐะบ ะธ «ะะตัะผะตั», ะฑัะป ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะพะฝ ัะฒะปัะตััั ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะน ะฟะธัะฐะผะธะดะพะน. ะัะธะณะปะฐัะตะฝะฝัะน ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ัะบัะฟะตัั ะธะท ะกะะฑะะฃ ะะฐะตะฒัะบะธะน ะฟะพััะตะฑะพะฒะฐะป ะทะฐะบัััะพะณะพ ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธั – ััะพะฑั ะฝะธะบัะพ ะฝะต ัะปััะฐะป, ะบะฐะบ ะพะฝ ะฟะปะฐะฒะฐะตั ะฒ ัะตะผะต. ะฃัะฒะตัะถะดะฐะตั, ััะพ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฟะพะบัะฟะบะธ ะบะฒะฐััะธั ััะฐััะผ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดะธะปะพ ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฝะพะฒัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ: ะฝะต ะฟะพะฝะธะผะฐะตั, ััะพ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดะธั ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฝะพะฒัั ะฟะพัััะฟะปะตะฝะธะน ะพั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะฝะพ ะธ ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฝัั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะตะน ะทะฐ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะฝัั ะฝะฐ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั. ะ ั ะพัะตะฝะธ 2021 ะณะพะดะฐ – ะฒัะตะผะตะฝะธ ะฒะฝะตัะตะฝะธั ะฒ ะฟัะตะดัะฟัะตะดะธัะตะปัะฝัะน ัะฟะธัะพะบ ะฆะ, ะฟะพััะธ ะธัะบะปััะธัะตะปัะฝะพ ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฝัั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะตะน ะพั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะผ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะฐ ะบะฒะฐััะธัะฐ. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะปะธะบะฒะธะดะฝะพััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฝะธะบะฐะบ ะฝะต ะฟะพัััะฐะดะฐะปะฐ. ะะฑัััะฝะตะฝะธั ัะพ ััะพัะพะฝั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัะพะฒ ััะฐะปะธ ะดะปั ััะพะณะพ ัะบะพะฝะพะผะธััะฐ ะพัะบัะพะฒะตะฝะธะตะผ. ะะฝะฐัะธัะตะปัะฝะฐั ัะฐััั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ัััะตะผะธััั ััะบะพัะธัั ะฟะพะณะฐัะตะฝะธะต ะดะพะปะณะฐ ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ, ััะพะฑั ัะบะพัะตะต ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะฒ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััั – ะฒะตะดั ะบะฒะฐััะธัะฐ ั ะฟะพะผะพััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐะตััั ะฟะพััะธ ะฑะตะท ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐั. ะะตัะตะฟะปะฐัั ัะฒัะทะฐะฝั ัะพะปัะบะพ ัะพ ะฒัััะฟะธัะตะปัะฝัะผ ะธ ัะปะตะฝัะบะธะผะธ ะฒะทะฝะพัะฐะผะธ; ะฝะฐะปะพะณะฐะผะธ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟะปะฐััััั ะฟะพ ัะฐัะธัะฐะผ ะดะปั ััะธะดะธัะตัะบะพะณะพ ะปะธัะฐ; ะพะฟะปะฐัะพะน ะฟัะพะฒะตัะบะธ ััะธะดะธัะตัะบะพะน ัะธััะพัั ะธ ะฝะตะทะฐะฒะธัะธะผะพะน ะพัะตะฝะบะธ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ. ะก ะฒะตัะฝั 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฟัะตะบัะฐัะธะป ะฟัะธะตะผ ะฝะพะฒัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะฝะฐ ะตะณะพ ะปะธะบะฒะธะดะฝะพััะธ ััะพ ะฝะธะบะฐะบ ะฝะต ัะบะฐะทะฐะปะพัั: ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะฝะฐ ััะตัะฐั ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะปะธ ัะฐััะธ, ะฝะตัะผะพััั ะฝะฐ ัะพ ััะพ ะผะฝะพะณะธะต ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะธ ะฑะพัะปะธัั ะฟะปะฐัะธัั ะฝะฐ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะต ััะตัะฐ ะธ ะฒะฝะพััั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะธ ัะพะปัะบะพ ัะตะนัะฐั. ะกะฟะฐัะธัะตะปั ะก ะฒะตัะฝั 2022-ะณะพ ะดะพ ะทะธะผั 2025 ะณะพะดะฐ ััะตัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ั ะฝะตะฑะพะปััะธะผะธ ะฟะตัะตััะฒะฐะผะธ ะฑัะปะธ ะฟะพะด ะฐัะตััะพะผ – ะฟัะธัะตะผ ะทะฐะฟัะตัะฐะปะธัั ะดะฐะถะต ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฟะพ ะธัะฟะพะปะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะผ ะปะธััะฐะผ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟัะธะฝัะปะธ ัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั ะฑัะปะธ, ัะฐะบะถะต ั ะฟะตัะตััะฒะฐะผะธ, ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ะฟัะธะฝะฐะดะปะตะถะฐัะธะต ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั, ะฝะฐ 12 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน. ะะพะด ััะบะพะฒะพะดััะฒะพะผ ะกะตัะณะตั ะะฒะฐะฝะพะฒะธัะฐ ะัััะตะบะฐ ัะดะฐะปะพัั ะดะพะฑะธัััั ะฒ ััะดะฐั ัะฝััะธั ะฐัะตััะฐ ั ะบะฒะฐััะธั, ะฐ ะทะฐัะตะผ ัะฐััะธัะฝะพะณะพ ัะฝััะธั ะฐัะตััะฐ ัะพ ััะตัะพะฒ, ัะฐะทัะตัะตะฝะธั ั ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ััะผะผ ะฒัะฟะปะฐัะธะฒะฐัั ะฟะพ ะธัะฟะพะปะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะผ ะปะธััะฐะผ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะบะพัะพััะต ัะตัะตะท ััะด ะดะพะฑะธะปะธัั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฐ ััะตะดััะฒ (ะฒ ััะพะผ ะธะผ ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะป ัะฐะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ), ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฝะฐะปะพะณะธ ะธ ะทะฐัะฐะฑะพัะฝัั ะฟะปะฐัั ัะพัััะดะฝะธะบะฐะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. ะงะฐััะธัะฝะพะต «ะพัะฒะพะฑะพะถะดะตะฝะธะต» ััะตัะพะฒ ะฟะพะทะฒะพะปะธะปะพ ะพัััะตััะฒะปััั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะฟัะธะฝัะฒัะธะผ ัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะต ัะฒะพะธั ััะตะดััะฒ. ะขะฐะบะธั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะพะบะพะปะพ 2,5 ััั., ะพะฑัะธะน ะพะฑัะตะผ ะฒัะฟะปะฐั ะธะผ – ะฟะพััะดะบะฐ 1,5 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน, ะทะฝะฐัะธัะตะปัะฝะฐั ัะฐััั ะธะท ะฝะธั ัะถะต ะฟะพะปััะธะปะฐ ัะฒะพะธ ะฟะฐะตะฒัะต ััะตะดััะฒะฐ – ะฝะตัะผะพััั ะฝะฐ ะพะณัะพะผะฝัะต ัััะดะฝะพััะธ ั ะฟะตัะตัะธัะปะตะฝะธะตะผ ััะตะดััะฒ ะฟะพ 115-ะคะ: ะดะตะปะพ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ัะฐััะปะตะดัะตััั ะตัะต ะพะดะฝะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะดะตะปะพ – ะฟะพ ัั. 174 ะฃะ (ั ะพัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฝะธะบะฐะบะธั ะดะตะฝะตะณ ะทะฐ ััะฑะตะถ ะฝะต ะฟะตัะตะฒะพะดะธะป), ะพัะบัััะพ ะธ ะฝะพะฒะพะต ะดะตะปะพ ะฟะพ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธัะผ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ะพั «ะะตัะผะตัะฐ», ะฝะต ะฟะพะฟะฐะฒัะธะผ ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะดะตะปะพ, ะบะพัะพัะพะต ัะตะนัะฐั ัะฐััะผะฐััะธะฒะฐะตััั ััะดะพะผ. ะัะพะผะต ัะพะณะพ, ะธะดะตั ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะธะน ะฟัะพัะตัั ะฟะพ ะธัะบั ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััั, ะฑะปะพะบะธััััะตะผั ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะฟัะธะตะผะฐ ะฝะพะฒัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ. ะ, ะฝะตัะผะพััั ะฝะฐ ััะธ ัััะดะฝะพััะธ, ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะฒะพะทะณะปะฐะฒะปัะฒัะธะนัั ะดะพ ะฝะตะดะฐะฒะฝะตะณะพ ะฒัะตะผะตะฝะธ ะกะตัะณะตะตะผ ะัััะตะบะพะผ, ะตะถะตะดะฝะตะฒะฝะพ ะพัััะตััะฒะปัะตั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฒัั ะพะดััะธะผ ะธะท ะฝะตะณะพ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ ะธ ััะฟะตัะฝะพ ะฒะพัััะฐะฝะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐะตั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั. ะะฐะถะฝะตะนัะตะต ะดะพััะธะถะตะฝะธะต ะัััะตะบะฐ – ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ะผะตั ะฐะฝะธะทะผะฐ, ะบะพะณะดะฐ ะฟัะธ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ััะตัะฐั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะธ, ะบะพัะพััะผ ัะถะต ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝั ะพะฑัะตะบัั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ, ะฟะพะปััะธะปะธ ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพััั ะฟะพะณะฐัะฐัั ัะฒะพะน ะดะพะปะณ ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ ะธ ะฟะตัะตะพัะพัะผะปััั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั ะฒ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััั ะทะฐ ััะตั ััะตะดััะฒ ะดััะณะธั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟะตัะตะดะฐัั ะธะผ ัะฒะพะธ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะต ะฟะฐะตะฒัะต ะฒะทะฝะพัั, ะฐ ะฒะทะฐะผะตะฝ ะฟะพะปััะฐัั ะถะธะฒัะต ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะพั ััะฐััะปะธะฒัั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐัะตะปะตะน ะบะฒะฐััะธั ะฒ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััั. ะขะฐะบะธะผ ัะฟะพัะพะฑะพะผ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ ัะดะฐะปะพัั ะฟะพะณะฐัะธัั ะดะพะปะณ ะฟะตัะตะด ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ ะธ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ะฟะตัะตะฒะตััะธ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั ะฒ ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝะพััั ะฟะพ ะดะตัััะบะฐะผ ะพะฑัะตะบัะพะฒ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฟะพะด ััะบะพะฒะพะดััะฒะพะผ ะกะตัะณะตั ะัััะตะบะฐ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะป ะฝะฐะด ัะตะผ, ััะพะฑั ะฒะฝะพะฒั ะฝะฐัะฐัั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐัั ะบะฒะฐััะธัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะบะพัะพััะต ััะพัั ะฒ ะพัะตัะตะดะธ ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะบัะฟะบั ะฟะตัะฒัะผะธ. ะขะตะผ ะฑะพะปะตะต ััะพ ััะด ะบะฒะฐััะธั ะฑัะดะตั ะพัะฒะพะฑะพะถะดะตะฝ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผะธ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะพัะบะฐะทะฐะปะธัั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฐัั ะทะฐ ะฝะธั ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะธ ะธัะบะปััะตะฝั ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะพะผ ะฟะฐะตะฒัั ััะตะดััะฒ. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะฟะพ ะผะฝะตะฝะธั ะผะฝะพะณะธั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะถะธะฒ ะฑะปะฐะณะพะดะฐัั ัะพะน ะพะณัะพะผะฝะพะน ัะฐะฑะพัะต, ะบะพัะพััั ะฟัะพะดะตะปะฐะป ะกะตัะณะตะน ะัััะตะบ ั ะฒะตัะฝั 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ ะฟะพ ะฒะตัะฝั 2025-ะณะพ, ััะฟะตัะฝะพะผั ะฟัะพัะธะฒะพััะพัะฝะธั ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะปั ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝะพะน ัะธััะตะผั. ะะตะดะฐัะพะผ ะพะดะธะฝ ะธะท ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะฟัะตะดะปะพะถะธะป ะฝะฐะทะฒะฐัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะธะผะตะฝะตะผ ะกะตัะณะตั ะะฒะฐะฝะพะฒะธัะฐ.
ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะทะฐ ัะธัััะน ะฑะธะทะฝะตั ะกะพัะธะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปั ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฒัะตะณะดะฐ ะธัะฟะพะฒะตะดะพะฒะฐะป ะธ ะธัะฟะพะฒะตะดัะตั ะทะฐ ัะธัััะน, ัะตััะฝัะน, ะฟัะพะทัะฐัะฝัะน ะฑะธะทะฝะตั ะกะพัะธะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปั ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฒัะตะณะดะฐ ะฒััััะฟะฐะป ะทะฐ ัะธัััะน, ัะตััะฝัะน ะฑะธะทะฝะตั, ัััะตะผะธะปัั ะบ ัะพะผั, ััะพะฑั ั ะฟะพะผะพััั ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐ ัะตะฐะปะธะทะพะฒัะฒะฐะปะธัั ะฟะพััะตะฑะฝะพััะธ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝ. ะะณะพ ัะตััะฝะพะต ะธะผั, ัะธััะพะต ะฟัะพัะปะพะต ะธ ะฝะฐััะพััะตะต ััะฐะปะธ ะบะปััะตะฒัะผะธ ะฐัะณัะผะตะฝัะฐะผะธ ะฒ ะทะฐัะธัั ะฟัะพัะธะฒ ะฝะฐะฒะตัะพะฒ ะบะพะฝะบััะตะฝัะพะฒ ะธ ะฟัะตัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธะน ะฟัะฐะฒะพะพั ัะฐะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะพะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ. ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะธะบัะพัะพะฒะธั ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ัะพะดะธะปัั ะฒ ะะตะฝะธะฝะณัะฐะดะต ะฒ ัะตะผัะต ะพัะธัะตัะพะฒ ะผะพััะบะพะน ะฐะฒะธะฐัะธะธ. ะจะบะพะปัะฝัะต ะณะพะดั ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฟัะพะฒะตะป ะฒ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝัั ะณะฐัะฝะธะทะพะฝะฐั ะธ ะฟะพัะปะต ัะบะพะปั ะฟะพัะตะป ะฟะพ ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพะน ััะตะทะต – ะฟะพัััะฟะธะป ะฒ ะฏัะพัะปะฐะฒัะบะพะต ะฒัััะตะต ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพะต ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะต ััะธะปะธัะต ะธะผ. ะณะตะฝะตัะฐะปะฐ ะฐัะผะธะธ ะ.ะ. ะฅััะปะตะฒะฐ ะธ ััะฟะตัะฝะพ ะพะบะพะฝัะธะป ะตะณะพ. ะะพ ะพะบะพะฝัะฐะฝะธะธ ััะธะปะธัะฐ ัะปัะถะธะป ะฒ ัะฐัััั ะะะค ะพัะธัะตัะพะผ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะน ัะปัะถะฑั. ะะบะพะฝัะธะป ัะปัะถะฑั ะฒ ะฑะตะทะฒัะตะผะตะฝัะต 90-ั ะณะพะดะพะฒ – ัะฒะพะปะธะปัั ะฒ ะทะฐะฟะฐั ั ะะตะฝะธะฝะณัะฐะดัะบะพะน (ะัะพะฝััะฐะดััะบะพะน) ะฒะพะตะฝะฝะพ-ะผะพััะบะพะน ะฑะฐะทั ะะฐะปัะธะนัะบะพะณะพ ัะปะพัะฐ ะฒ ะทะฒะฐะฝะธะธ ะบะฐะฟะธัะฐะฝะฐ III ัะฐะฝะณะฐ. ะะพัะปะต ัะฒะพะปัะฝะตะฝะธั ะฒ ะทะฐะฟะฐั ะทะฐะฝะธะผะฐะปัั ะฟัะพะดะฐะถะฐะผะธ, ะพะฟะตัะฐัะธัะผะธ ั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพัััั. ะะฐัะฐะฑะฐััะฒะฐะป ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝัะต ะผะตัะพะดะธะบะธ ะฒะตะดะตะฝะธั ะฑะธะทะฝะตัะฐ. ะะฐัะฐะปะปะตะปัะฝะพ ะธะทััะฐะป ะผะตะถะดัะฝะฐัะพะดะฝัะน ะพะฟัั, ะฟะพะปััะฐะป ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะทะฐ ััะฑะตะถะพะผ: ะฒ ัะฐััะฝะพััะธ, ะพะบะพะฝัะธะป ะะฒัะพะฟะตะนัะบัั ะฐะบะฐะดะตะผะธั ะตััะตััะฒะตะฝะฝัั ะฝะฐัะบ ะฒ ะะฐะฝะฝะพะฒะตัะต. ะฃัะธะปัั ะฝะฐ ััะถะธั ะธ ัะฒะพะธั ะพัะธะฑะบะฐั . ะะพััะตะฟะตะฝะฝะพ ะฒััะพั ะดะพ ััะบะพะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ, ัะพะฒะปะฐะดะตะปััะฐ ะฑะธะทะฝะตัะฐ. ะกัะฐะป ะฑะธะทะฝะตั-ััะตะฝะตัะพะผ – ะฒ 2009 ะณะพะดั ัะพะทะดะฐะป ะะตะถะดัะฝะฐัะพะดะฝัั ะฑะธะทะฝะตั-ะฐะบะฐะดะตะผะธั (IBะ), ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะฟะพะปััะธะปะฐ ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝัั ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะฝัั ะปะธัะตะฝะทะธั. ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฒ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณัะบะพะผ ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะผ ัะบะพะฝะพะผะธัะตัะบะพะผ ัะฝะธะฒะตััะธัะตัะต ะทะฐัะธัะฐะตั ะดะธััะตััะฐัะธั ะฝะฐ ัะพะธัะบะฐะฝะธะต ััะตะฝะพะน ััะตะฟะตะฝะธ ะบะฐะฝะดะธะดะฐัะฐ ัะบะพะฝะพะผะธัะตัะบะธั ะฝะฐัะบ, ะฟะพะทะถะต ะทะฐัะธัะฐะตั ะฒ ะะฒัะพะฟะต ะดะธััะตััะฐัะธั ะฝะฐ ัะพะธัะบะฐะฝะธะต ััะตะฝะพะน ัััะฟะตะฝะธ ะดะพะบัะพัะฐ ัะบะพะฝะพะผะธะบะธ, ะฟะพะทะดะฝะตะต ะฟะพะปััะฐะตั ัะฐะบะถะต ััะตะฟะตะฝั ะผะฐะณะธัััะฐ ะฟัะฐะฒะฐ. ะะฝ ะฝะฐะณัะฐะถะดะตะฝ ะณะตัะผะฐะฝัะบะพะน ะผะตะดะฐะปัั ะะฐัะปะฐ ะะฐัะบัะฐ ะทะฐ ะฒะบะปะฐะด ะฒ ะฝะฐัะบั. ะ 2014 ะณะพะดั ัะพะทะดะฐะป ัะพะฑััะฒะตะฝะฝัั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั «ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะด», ะผะธััะธั ะบะพัะพัะพะน – ะฟะพะผะพัั ะฒ ะดะพััะธะถะตะฝะธะธ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะณะพ ััะฟะตั ะฐ ะทะฐ ััะตั ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะฝะพะน ะ ะพะผะฐะฝะพะผ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะธ ะตะณะพ ัะพััะธะนัะบะธะผะธ ะธ ะทะฐััะฑะตะถะฝัะผะธ ะบะพะปะปะตะณะฐะผะธ ะผะตัะพะดะพะปะพะณะธะธ ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒะพะณะพ ะฑะปะฐะณะพะฟะพะปััะธั, ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฝะฐะธะปัััะธั ะฝะฐ ััะฝะบะต ัะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัั ะฟัะพะดัะบัะพะฒ. ะะฐัะฐะปะปะตะปัะฝะพ ะฑัะป ะฝะฐัะฐั ัะฝะธะบะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฝะตะบะพะผะผะตััะตัะบะธะน ะฟัะพะตะบั – ะถะธะปะธัะฝัะน (ะฟะพะทะดะฝะตะต ะฟะพััะตะฑะธัะตะปััะบะธะน) ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ «ะะตัั ะะตะน». ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ั ะัะฝะพะปัะดะพะผ ะจะฒะฐััะตะฝะตะณะณะตัะพะผ ะฃะฝะธะบะฐะปัะฝัะน ะฟัะพะตะบั ะััะฟะฝะตะนัะฐั ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะฐั ะถะธะปะธัะฝะฐั ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผะฐ – ะณะปะฐะฒะฝะพะต ะดะพััะธะถะตะฝะธะต ะ ะพะผะฐะฝะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ. ะะพ ะตะต ะธะดะตะพะปะพะณะธะธ ัะพะทะดะฐะฝั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั ะฝะต ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ, ะฝะพ ะธ ะฒ ะะฐะทะฐั ััะฐะฝะต, ะััะณัะทััะฐะฝะต ะธ ะดััะณะธั ัััะฐะฝะฐั . ะะดะตั ะฟัะพะตะบัะฐ ัะพััะพะธั ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพะฑั ะฒัะบะปะฐะดัะธะฝั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐัั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั ะดะปั ะบะฐะถะดะพะณะพ ะธะท ัะปะตะฝะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟะพ ะพัะตัะตะดะธ. ะะฐะนัะธะบ ะฒะฝะพัะธั 35–50% ะพั ััะพะธะผะพััะธ ะถะตะปะฐะตะผะพะน ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ะพััะฐะปัะฝะพะต ะดะพะฑะฐะฒะปัะตั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะธะท ะฟะฐะตะฒะพะณะพ ัะพะฝะดะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะน ัะพัะผะธััะตััั ะบะฐะบ ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฒะทะฝะพัะพะฒ ะฝะพะฒัั ัะปะตะฝะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ัะฐะบ ะธ ะทะฐ ััะตั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฝัั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะตะน ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะผ ัะถะต ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะตะฝะฐ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั – ะฟัะธัะตะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฝะต ะฑะตัะตั ะฟัะพัะตะฝั ะทะฐ ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะปะตะฝะฝัะต ััะตะดััะฒะฐ. ะะฒะฐััะธัะฐ ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐะตััั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะผ ะฟะพ ะฝะพะผะธะฝะฐะปัะฝะพะน ััะพะธะผะพััะธ ั ะผะธะฝะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐัะพะน, ัะฒัะทะฐะฝะฝะพะน ั ะฝะตะฑะพะปััะธะผะธ ะฒัััะฟะธัะตะปัะฝัะผ ะธ ัะปะตะฝัะบะธะผะธ ะฒะทะฝะพัะฐะผะธ ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ั ะพะฟะปะฐัะพะน ััะธะดะธัะตัะบะพะน ะฟัะพะฒะตัะบะธ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััะธ, ะตะต ะฝะตะทะฐะฒะธัะธะผะพะน ะพัะตะฝะบะธ, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฒัะฟะปะฐัะพะน ะฝะฐะปะพะณะฐ ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ ะพะฑัะตะดะธะฝัะตั ะฑะพะปะตะต 20 ััั. ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะฐ ะตะณะพ ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะฟัะตะฒััะฐัั 20 ะผะปัะด. ะะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐะปะฐัั ะฟะพ ะฒัะตะน ะ ะพััะธะธ, ะฝะตั ะฝะธ ะพะดะฝะพะณะพ ัะตะณะธะพะฝะฐ, ะณะดะต ะฝะต ะฑัะปะพ ะฑั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. «ะะตัั ะะตะน» – ัะฝะธะบะฐะปัะฝะฐั ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝะฐั ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผะฐ, ะฑะตัะฟัะตัะตะดะตะฝัะฝะฐั ะฒ ะผะธัะต, ะบะพัะพัะฐั ะฟะพะทะฒะพะปัะตั ั ะผะธะฝะธะผะฐะปัะฝะพะน ะฟะตัะตะฟะปะฐัะพะน ะฟัะธะพะฑัะตัะฐัั ะฝะตะดะฒะธะถะธะผะพััั, ะฒ ัะพะผ ัะธัะปะต ะดะปั ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝะพ ะฝะตะทะฐัะธัะตะฝะฝัั ะบะฐัะตะณะพัะธะน ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝ, ะพะฑะตัะฟะตัะธะฒะฐัั ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝ ะถะธะปัะตะผ ะฑะตะท ะดะพัะพะณะพััะพััะตะน ะธะฟะพัะตะบะธ. ะกะพะทะดะฐะฝะฝัะน ะ ะพะผะฐะฝะพะผ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ัะพััะธะนัะบะธะน ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ «ะะตัั ะะตะน» ััะฐะป ะปะฐััะตะฐัะพะผ ะฝะฐัะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝัั ะฟัะตะผะธะน «ะคะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัะน ะะปะธะผะฟ» ะธ «ะญะบะพะฝะพะผะธัะตัะบะฐั ะพะฟะพัะฐ ะ ะพััะธะธ». ะะฐััะตะฝะธะต ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปัััะฒั ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ััะฟะตัะฝะพ ัะฐะทะฒะธะฒะฐะตั ะบะฐััะตัั ะฑะธะทะฝะตั-ะบะพััะฐ ะธ ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐะฝัะฐ. ะะณะพ ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั ะฒ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต ะธะฝะดะธะฒะธะดัะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปั, ะทะฐะฝะธะผะฐััะตะณะพัั ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะฝะพะน ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพัััั ะธ ะบะพะฝััะปััะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะธะตะผ, ะฟัะธะฝะพัะธะปะฐ ะตะผั ะตะถะตะณะพะดะฝัะน ะดะพั ะพะด ะพั 150 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน, ั ะบะพัะพััั ะพะฝ ะธัะฟัะฐะฒะฝะพ ัะฟะปะฐัะธะฒะฐะป ะฝะฐะปะพะณะธ. ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ – ัะพะทะดะฐัะตะปั ะธ ะฒะตะดััะธะน ะฟัะตะฟะพะดะฐะฒะฐัะตะปั ะะตะถะดัะฝะฐัะพะดะฝะพะน ะฑะธะทะฝะตั-ะฐะบะฐะดะตะผะธะธ (ะะะ), ะพะฑะปะฐะดะฐััะตะน ะณะพััะดะฐัััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะพะฑัะฐะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปัะฝะพะน ะปะธัะตะฝะทะธะตะน ะ ะพััะธะธ: ะฐะบะฐะดะตะผะธะธ ะปะธะดะตัะพะฒ ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปัััะฒะฐ ะธ ะบะพัะฟะพัะฐัะธะฒะฝะพะณะพ ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั. ะญัะฐ ะฐะบะฐะดะตะผะธั ัะธัะพะบะพ ะธะทะฒะตััะฝะฐ ัะฒะพะธะผะธ ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผะฐะผะธ, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ะพะฑััะฐัััั ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปะธ ะธ ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝัั ัะพ ะฒัะตะน ะ ะพััะธะธ. ะัััั ะฒ ะฐะบะฐะดะตะผะธะธ ะฒะตะปะธ ัะฐะบะธะต ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัะต ะผะธัะพะฒัะต ัะบัะฟะตััั, ะบะฐะบ ะะปะฐะฝ ะะธะท, ะะฐะณ ะะธะด, ะะพะฑ ะะพะนะป, ะ ะพะฝ ะะถะพะฝัะพะฝ, ะะฝะดัะตะฐั ะะธะฝั ะธ ะดััะณะธะต. ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฒััััะฟะฐะป ะบะฐะบ ะปะตะบัะพั ะฝะฐ ะบััะฟะฝะตะนัะธั ัะพััะธะนัะบะธั ะฟะปะพัะฐะดะบะฐั , ะฒะบะปััะฐั «ะัะถะฝะธะบะธ», «ะะปะธะผะฟะธะนัะบะธะน» ะธ «ะะฐะทะฟัะพะผ ะัะตะฝั». ะะณะพ ะผะพัะธะฒะฐัะธะพะฝะฝัะต ะฒััััะฟะปะตะฝะธั ัะพะฑะธัะฐะปะธ ะผะฝะพะณะพัััััะฝัะต ะฐัะดะธัะพัะธะธ. ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฒะตะดะตั ะฑะปะพะณะธ ะฒ ัะฐะทะปะธัะฝัั ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝัั ัะตััั , ั ะบะพัะพััั ะผะธะปะปะธะพะฝะฝัะต ะฟัะพัะผะพััั. ะ ัะฒะพะธั ะฑะปะพะณะฐั ะพะฝ ะดะตะปะธััั ะพะฟััะพะผ ะฒ ะพะฑะปะฐััะธ ะฑะธะทะฝะตัะฐ ะธ ะปะธัะฝะพะณะพ ััะฟะตั ะฐ. ะะณะพ ะบะพะฝัะตะฝั ะฟัะธะฒะปะตะบะฐะตั ะผะฝะพะณะพะผะธะปะปะธะพะฝะฝัั ะฐัะดะธัะพัะธั. ะะฝ ะฐะฒัะพั ะฑะตัััะตะปะปะตัะฐ «ะั ะพัะฝะธะบ ะทะฐ ััะฟะตั ะพะผ». ะญัะฐ ะบะฝะธะณะฐ ะฟัะธะฝะตัะปะฐ ะตะผั ะทะฝะฐัะธัะตะปัะฝัะต ะณะพะฝะพัะฐัั, ั ัะธะปัะผะฐ, ัะฝััะพะณะพ ะฟะพ ะบะฝะธะณะต, – ะฑะพะปะตะต 27 ะผะปะฝ ะฟัะพัะผะพััะพะฒ. ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ั ะะพะฝะฐะปัะดะพะผ ะขัะฐะผะฟะพะผ ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ั ะฒัะดะฐััะธะผัั ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปะตะผ ะ ะธัะฐัะดะพะผ ะัะตะฝัะพะฝะพะผ ะะปะฐะณะพัะฒะพัะธัะตะปัะฝะพััั ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะทะฐะฝะธะผะฐะตั ะฟะพัะตัะฝัั ะดะพะปะถะฝะพััั ัะพะฟัะตะดัะตะดะฐัะตะปั ะฒ ะฑะปะฐะณะพัะฒะพัะธัะตะปัะฝะพะผ ัะพะฝะดะต Mercy Corps, ะพะดะฝะพะน ะธะท ััะฐัะตะนัะธั ะผะตะถะดัะฝะฐัะพะดะฝัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธะน, ะพะบะฐะทัะฒะฐััะธั ะฟะพะผะพัั ะปัะดัะผ ะฟะพ ะฒัะตะผั ะผะธัั. ะก 2016 ะณะพะดะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะพะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตั ะฟะพะผะพัั ะดะตััะผ ั ััะถะตะปัะผะธ ะฝะตะฒัะพะปะพะณะธัะตัะบะธะผะธ ะทะฐะฑะพะปะตะฒะฐะฝะธัะผะธ, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐะตั ะฝะฐััะฝัะต ะธััะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะฒ ััะตัะต ะดะตััะบะพะน ะฝะตะฒัะพะปะพะณะธะธ. ะ ัะฐะผะบะฐั ััะพะน ะธะฝะธัะธะฐัะธะฒั ะพะฝ ัะพัััะดะฝะธัะฐะตั ั ะบะปะธะฝะธัะตัะบะธะผ ัะตะฝััะพะผ «ะะพะบััะธะฝะฐ» ะฒ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะต. ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฒ ะบะปะธะฝะธัะตัะบะพะผ ัะตะฝััะต «ะะพะบััะธะฝะฐ» ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพ ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะตั ะะฐะปะฐะฐะผัะบะพะผั ะกะฟะฐัะพ-ะัะตะพะฑัะฐะถะตะฝัะบะพะผั ะผะพะฝะฐััััั, ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะธะฒะฐะตั ะตะณะพ ะฑัะฐัะธั. ะก 2013 ะณะพะดะฐ ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทัะตั ะบััะฟะฝะพะต ะบัะปััััะฝะพ-ะฟะฐััะธะพัะธัะตัะบะพะต ะผะตัะพะฟัะธััะธะต – «ะัะธัะตััะบะธะน ะฑะฐะป». ะญัะพ ัะพะฑััะธะต, ะฟะพัะฒััะตะฝะฝะพะต ะะฝั ะะตะปะธะบะพะน ะะพะฑะตะดั; ะพะฝะพ ะพะฑัะตะดะธะฝัะตั ะฒะตัะตัะฐะฝะพะฒ, ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัะตะปะตะน ะฒะปะฐััะธ ะธ ะผะพะปะพะดะตะถั, ััะพะฑั ะพะฑัะธะผะธ ััะธะปะธัะผะธ ัะพั ัะฐะฝะธัั ะฟะฐะผััั ะพ ะฟะพะดะฒะธะณะฐั ะณะตัะพะตะฒ ะะตะปะธะบะพะน ะัะตัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะฒะพะนะฝั. ะะฝ ะฟัะธะฝัะป ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพะต ััะฐััะธะต ะฒ ะฒะพัััะฐะฝะพะฒะปะตะฝะธะธ ะะฑะตะปะธัะบะฐ ะกะปะฐะฒั ะฒ ะะตััะธ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะฑัะป ะฟะพัะฒััะตะฝ ะณะตัะพัะผ ะะตะปะธะบะพะน ะัะตัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะฒะพะนะฝั. ะก 2016 ะณะพะดะฐ ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ัะฒะปัะปัั ะผะตัะตะฝะฐัะพะผ ะธ ะณะตะฝะตัะฐะปัะฝัะผ ัะฟะพะฝัะพัะพะผ ัะตััะธะฒะฐะปั ะฝะฐัะพะดะฝะพะน ะฟะตัะฝะธ «ะะพะฑัะพะฒะธะดะตะฝะธะต», ะบะพัะพััะน ะฝะฐะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝ ะฝะฐ ัะพั ัะฐะฝะตะฝะธะต ะบัะปััััะฝะพะณะพ ะฝะฐัะปะตะดะธั ะธ ะผัะทัะบะฐะปัะฝัั ััะฐะดะธัะธะน ัะฐะทะฝัั ะฝะฐัะพะดะพะฒ. ะก 2020 ะณะพะดะฐ ะพะฝ ะพะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตั ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบั ะดะตััะบะพะผั ัะฟะพััั – ะฒ ัะฐััะฝะพััะธ, ั ะพะบะบะตะนะฝะพะน ะบะพะผะฐะฝะดะต «ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะด» ะธะท ะฃัั. ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฝะฐ ัะตััะธะฒะฐะปะต «ะะพะฑัะพะฒะธะดะตะฝะธะต» ะัะฐะฒะดะฐ ะฟะพะฑะตะถะดะฐะตั ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะทะฐะฑะธัะฐััะธะน ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ั ะธะฟะพัะตัะฝัั ะฑะฐะฝะบะพะฒ – ะฒ ะบะพัะพััั ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะทะฐะฟะปะฐัะธัั ะทะฐ ะดะฒะต-ััะธ ะบะฒะฐััะธัั, ััะพะฑั ะฟะพะปััะธัั ะพะดะฝั, ััะฐะป ะบะพัััั ะฒ ะณะพัะปะต ะพะปะธะณะฐัั ะธัะตัะบะพะผั ะฑะฐะฝะบะพะฒัะบะพะผั ัะพะพะฑัะตััะฒั. ะะฐะฝะบะธัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะพะฒะฐะปะธ ััะฐะฒะปั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะฟัะพะปะพะฑะฑะธัะพะฒะฐะปะธ ะฒะฝะตัะตะฝะธะต ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฒ ะฟัะตะดัะฟัะตะดะธัะตะปัะฝัะน ัะฟะธัะพะบ ัะพััะธะนัะบะพะณะพ ะฆะ. ะะพ ะดะฐะถะต ะธ ะฟะพัะปะต ััะพะณะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ััะฟะตัะฝะพ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะป – ะฟะพะฝะฐะดะพะฑะธะปะพัั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะพะฒะฐัั ะทะฐะบะฐะทะฝะพะต ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะดะตะปะพ: ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธัั ะธะฝะพัััะฐะฝะฝัั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธั «ะะตัะผะตั», ะบะพัะพััั ะฟะพะผะพะณะฐะปะฐ ะฟัะพะดะฒะธะณะฐัั ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ ัะธัะผะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ – ัะฐะผ ะพะฝ ะฝะต ะธะผะตะป ะบ ะฝะตะน ะฝะธะบะฐะบะพะณะพ ะพัะฝะพัะตะฝะธั, ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะพะฝะฐ ะฝะต ะฒะตัะฝัะปะฐ ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะฒ ะธ ะฑัะปะฐ ะฐััะธะปะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฐ ั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ, ะฐ ะทะฝะฐัะธั, ะฟะพ ะตะต ะดะพะปะณะฐะผ ะดะพะปะถะตะฝ ะทะฐะฟะปะฐัะธัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ. ะะบัะธะฒั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะฟะพััะธ ััะธ ะณะพะดะฐ ะฑัะปะธ ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝั, ะฝะพ ะฟะพััะตะฟะตะฝะฝะพ ะฐัะตัั ัะดะฐะตััั ัะฝะธะผะฐัั – ััะด ัะฑะตะถะดะฐะตััั ะฒ ะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝะพััะธ ะธ ะดะพะฑัะพัะพะฒะตััะฝะพััะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. ะ ะพััะธะนัะบะธะน ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ «ะะตัั ะะตะน» ะฒะฝะพะฒั ะฒะพัััะฐะฝะฐะฒะปะธะฒะฐะตั ัะฒะพั ะดะตััะตะปัะฝะพััั. ะัะตัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะ ะพะผะฐะฝะฐ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะธ ะตะณะพ ะดะตัะธั ะฝะพัะธะปะธ ะฟะพะปะธัะธัะตัะบะธะน ั ะฐัะฐะบัะตั: ะฝะฐัะพะดะฝัะต ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธััะธั, ะฟะพะปัะทัััะธะตัั ะผะฐััะพะฒะพะน ะพะฑัะตััะฒะตะฝะฝะพะน ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบะพะน, ะฟัะตัะธะปะธ ะพะปะธะณะฐัั ะฐะผ ะธ ะบะพัััะผะฟะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะผ ัะธะปะพะฒะธะบะฐะผ. ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะฒัะฝัะดะธะปะธ ะฝะต ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฐัััั ะฒ ะ ะพััะธั ะฟะพัะปะต ะฟัะพั ะพะดะธะฒัะตะณะพ ะทะฐ ััะฑะตะถะพะผ ะปะตัะตะฝะธั ะพั ะบะพะฒะธะดะฐ ัะปะตะฝะพะฒ ะตะณะพ ัะตะผัะธ. ะะดะฝะฐะบะพ ัะฟัะฐะฒะตะดะปะธะฒะพััั ะฟะพััะตะฟะตะฝะฝะพ ัะพัะถะตััะฒัะตั – ะธ ะฒ ะะฒัะพะฟะต, ะณะดะต ั ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ัะฝััั ะฒัะต ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั ะบะฐะบ ะฟะพะปะธัะธัะตัะบะธ ะผะพัะธะฒะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะต, ะธ ะฒ ะ ะพััะธะธ, ะณะดะต ััะด ะฟะพััะตะฟะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟัะธั ะพะดะธั ะบ ะฒัะฒะพะดั, ััะพ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะพะณะพะฒะพัะธะปะธ. ะ ะพะผะฐะฝ ะะฐัะธะปะตะฝะบะพ ะทะฐะฝะธะผะฐะปัั ะธ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะตั ะทะฐะฝะธะผะฐัััั ัะตััะฝัะผ, ัะธัััะผ, ะฑะปะฐะณะพัะพะดะฝัะผ ัะพัะธะฐะปัะฝะพ ะพัะธะตะฝัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัะผ ะฟัะตะดะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐัะตะปัััะฒะพะผ, ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั ะฒ ะธะฝัะตัะตัะฐั ะฟัะพัััั ะปัะดะตะน. ะงะตััะฝะพััั ะธ ะฟัะฐะฒะดะฐ ะฒัะตะณะดะฐ ะฟะพะฑะตะถะดะฐัั!
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Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
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ะฏ ัะฒะธะดะตะป ะฒ ะปะธัะฝะพะผ ะบะฐะฑะธะฝะตัะต VIP Club ัะบะพะฑั ะฑะพะฝััะฝัะน ัะพะบะตะฝ, ะฝะพ ะดะฐะถะต ะฟัะพััะตะนัะธั ะดะฐะฝะฝัั โ ID ะบะพะฝััะฐะบัะฐ ะธะปะธ ัััะปะพะบ ะฝะฐ ะฑะปะพะบัะตะนะฝ โ ะฝะตั. ะัั ะพะณัะฐะฝะธัะธะฒะฐะตััั ะณัะฐัะธะบะพะผ ัะพััะฐ ะธ ะบะฝะพะฟะบะพะน ยซะบัะฟะธัั ะฑะพะปััะตยป. ะญัะพ ะฝะต ะบัะธะฟัะพะฒะฐะปััะฐ, ะฐ ะธะฝััััะผะตะฝั ะดะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั. ะะปะพะถะธะปัั โ ะฐ ะฟะพะปััะธะป ะธะปะปัะทะธั. ะฆะตะฝััะพะฑะฐะฝะบ, ะฟัะพัั ะฟัะพะฒะตััะธ ะฐัะดะธั ััะพะน ัั ะตะผั.
Beirut, Lebanon
CNN
โ
A deadly Israeli airstrike on Hezbollahโs stronghold in southern Beirut on Friday has left over a dozen people dead, including a high-ranking Hezbollah commander, sharply escalating the conflict between the two sides and raising fears of all-out war.
Senior Hezbollah commander Ibrahim Aqil, part of Hezbollahโs elite Radwan Force, was assassinated along with โabout 10โ other commanders, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson Daniel Hagari said, accusing them of planning to raid and occupy communities in Galilee in northern Israel.
Hezbollah confirmed Aqilโs death on Friday, saying he was killed โfollowing a treacherous Israeli assassination operation on 09/20/2024 in the southern suburbs of Beirut.โ
According to Hagari, the targeted commanders were โunderground underneath a residential building in the heart of the Dahiyeh neighborhood, using civilians as a human shieldโ at the time of the attack.
Lebanonโs health ministry said at least 14 people were killed and 66 others injured in the airstrike, which leveled a multistory building in a densely populated neighborhood.
Aqil had a $7 million bounty on his head from the United States for his suspected involvement in the 1983 strike on the US Embassy in Beirut, which killed 63 people, as well as the bombing of the Beirut Marine barracks, which killed 241 US personnel later that year.
A CNN team on the ground in Beirut saw a frantic effort to rescue people from underneath the rubble and rush the wounded to hospital. Witnesses said nearby buildings shook for nearly half an hour after the strike, which the IDF said it had carried out at around 4 p.m. local time.
A week of surprise attacks
Fridayโs strike marked the fourth consecutive day of surprise attacks on Beirut and other sites across the country, even as Israeli forces continued deadly strikes and operations in Gaza and the occupied West Bank.
The first major attack against Hezbollah this week came Tuesday afternoon when pagers belonging to the militant groupsโ members exploded near-simultaneously. The pagers had been used by Hezbollah to communicate after the groupโs leader, Hassan Nasrallah, encouraged members to switch to low-tech devices to prevent more of them from being assassinated.
Almost exactly 24 hours later, Lebanon was rocked by a second wave of explosions, after Hezbollah walkie-talkies detonated in Beirut and the south of the country on Wednesday.
At least 37 people were killed, including some children, and more than 3,000 were injured in the twin attacks.
In a United Nations Security Council meeting on Friday, UN human rights chief Volker Turk on Friday warned that the detonation of communication devices could violate international human rights law.
Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib and Israeli Ambassador to the UN Danny Danon clashed at the heated meeting, with Bou Habib calling on the council to condemn Israelโs actions and Danon slamming the Lebanese envoy for not mentioning Hezbollah.
Beirut, Lebanon
CNN
โ
A deadly Israeli airstrike on Hezbollahโs stronghold in southern Beirut on Friday has left over a dozen people dead, including a high-ranking Hezbollah commander, sharply escalating the conflict between the two sides and raising fears of all-out war.
Senior Hezbollah commander Ibrahim Aqil, part of Hezbollahโs elite Radwan Force, was assassinated along with โabout 10โ other commanders, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson Daniel Hagari said, accusing them of planning to raid and occupy communities in Galilee in northern Israel.
Hezbollah confirmed Aqilโs death on Friday, saying he was killed โfollowing a treacherous Israeli assassination operation on 09/20/2024 in the southern suburbs of Beirut.โ
According to Hagari, the targeted commanders were โunderground underneath a residential building in the heart of the Dahiyeh neighborhood, using civilians as a human shieldโ at the time of the attack.
Lebanonโs health ministry said at least 14 people were killed and 66 others injured in the airstrike, which leveled a multistory building in a densely populated neighborhood.
Aqil had a $7 million bounty on his head from the United States for his suspected involvement in the 1983 strike on the US Embassy in Beirut, which killed 63 people, as well as the bombing of the Beirut Marine barracks, which killed 241 US personnel later that year.
A CNN team on the ground in Beirut saw a frantic effort to rescue people from underneath the rubble and rush the wounded to hospital. Witnesses said nearby buildings shook for nearly half an hour after the strike, which the IDF said it had carried out at around 4 p.m. local time.
A week of surprise attacks
Fridayโs strike marked the fourth consecutive day of surprise attacks on Beirut and other sites across the country, even as Israeli forces continued deadly strikes and operations in Gaza and the occupied West Bank.
The first major attack against Hezbollah this week came Tuesday afternoon when pagers belonging to the militant groupsโ members exploded near-simultaneously. The pagers had been used by Hezbollah to communicate after the groupโs leader, Hassan Nasrallah, encouraged members to switch to low-tech devices to prevent more of them from being assassinated.
Almost exactly 24 hours later, Lebanon was rocked by a second wave of explosions, after Hezbollah walkie-talkies detonated in Beirut and the south of the country on Wednesday.
At least 37 people were killed, including some children, and more than 3,000 were injured in the twin attacks.
In a United Nations Security Council meeting on Friday, UN human rights chief Volker Turk on Friday warned that the detonation of communication devices could violate international human rights law.
Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib and Israeli Ambassador to the UN Danny Danon clashed at the heated meeting, with Bou Habib calling on the council to condemn Israelโs actions and Danon slamming the Lebanese envoy for not mentioning Hezbollah.
Beirut, Lebanon
CNN
โ
A deadly Israeli airstrike on Hezbollahโs stronghold in southern Beirut on Friday has left over a dozen people dead, including a high-ranking Hezbollah commander, sharply escalating the conflict between the two sides and raising fears of all-out war.
Senior Hezbollah commander Ibrahim Aqil, part of Hezbollahโs elite Radwan Force, was assassinated along with โabout 10โ other commanders, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson Daniel Hagari said, accusing them of planning to raid and occupy communities in Galilee in northern Israel.
Hezbollah confirmed Aqilโs death on Friday, saying he was killed โfollowing a treacherous Israeli assassination operation on 09/20/2024 in the southern suburbs of Beirut.โ
According to Hagari, the targeted commanders were โunderground underneath a residential building in the heart of the Dahiyeh neighborhood, using civilians as a human shieldโ at the time of the attack.
Lebanonโs health ministry said at least 14 people were killed and 66 others injured in the airstrike, which leveled a multistory building in a densely populated neighborhood.
Aqil had a $7 million bounty on his head from the United States for his suspected involvement in the 1983 strike on the US Embassy in Beirut, which killed 63 people, as well as the bombing of the Beirut Marine barracks, which killed 241 US personnel later that year.
A CNN team on the ground in Beirut saw a frantic effort to rescue people from underneath the rubble and rush the wounded to hospital. Witnesses said nearby buildings shook for nearly half an hour after the strike, which the IDF said it had carried out at around 4 p.m. local time.
A week of surprise attacks
Fridayโs strike marked the fourth consecutive day of surprise attacks on Beirut and other sites across the country, even as Israeli forces continued deadly strikes and operations in Gaza and the occupied West Bank.
The first major attack against Hezbollah this week came Tuesday afternoon when pagers belonging to the militant groupsโ members exploded near-simultaneously. The pagers had been used by Hezbollah to communicate after the groupโs leader, Hassan Nasrallah, encouraged members to switch to low-tech devices to prevent more of them from being assassinated.
Almost exactly 24 hours later, Lebanon was rocked by a second wave of explosions, after Hezbollah walkie-talkies detonated in Beirut and the south of the country on Wednesday.
At least 37 people were killed, including some children, and more than 3,000 were injured in the twin attacks.
In a United Nations Security Council meeting on Friday, UN human rights chief Volker Turk on Friday warned that the detonation of communication devices could violate international human rights law.
Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib and Israeli Ambassador to the UN Danny Danon clashed at the heated meeting, with Bou Habib calling on the council to condemn Israelโs actions and Danon slamming the Lebanese envoy for not mentioning Hezbollah.
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ะ ะัะธะผะพััะบะพะผ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝะพะผ ััะดะต ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะตััั ัะฐััะผะพััะตะฝะธะต ัะฐะบ ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะตะผะพะณะพ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ “ะะฐะนั-ะธะท-ะัะด” — “ะะตัะผะตั” — “ะะตัั ะะตะน” — ะฟัะพะดะพะปะถะฐะตััั ะดะพะฟัะพั ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัั ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ ะธ ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปะตะน ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะตะฝะธั. ะะฐะฟัะธะผะตั, ะฝะฐ ะพะดะฝะพะผ ะธะท ะปะตัะฝะธั ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธะน ะฒััััะฟะฐะป ะฝะตะบัะพ ะะพะปัะฑะตะฒ — ะฒะพะดะธัะตะปั ะธะท ะฃะดะผัััะธะธ, ะบะพัะพััะน ะฑัะป ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะบะปะธะตะฝัะพะผ ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ “ะะตัะผะตั”. ะะฐะบ ัะฐััะบะฐะทะฐะปะธ ะฟัะพัะพะบะพะปะธััััะธะต ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัั, ะะพะปัะฑะตะฒ ัะพะพะฑัะธะป, ััะพ ะตัะต ะดะพ ัะพะฑััะธะน ะฝะฐัะฐะปะฐ 2022 ะณะพะดะฐ — ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพะน ัะฐะทั ัะฐััะปะตะดะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะดะตะปะฐ, ะฒััะตะป ะธะท ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ “ะะตัะผะตั”, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐะป ะฝะพัะฐัะธะฐะปัะฝะพ ะทะฐะฒะตัะตะฝะฝะพะต ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ “ะะตัั ะะตะน”. ะะท “ะะตัะผะตัะฐ” ะฟะพะปััะธะป ัะตัะตะท ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ัะตัะตะท ัั ะตะผั p2p — ัะฐะบ, ะผะพะป, ะบะพะฝััะปััะฐะฝั “ะะตัะผะตัะฐ” ะตะผั ัะตะบะพะผะตะฝะดะพะฒะฐะป, “ััะพะฑั ะฝะต ะฟะปะฐัะธัั ะบะพะผะธััะธั”. ะัะธ ะฒัะฒะพะดะต ััะตะดััะฒ ะะพะปัะฑะตะฒ ะฟะพะปััะธะป ะฑะพะปััะต, ัะตะผ ัะฐะฝะตะต ะฟะพะปะพะถะธะป ะฝะฐ ััะตั. ะะพะปัะฑะตะฒ ัะตัะธะป ะฒัะนัะธ ัะฐะบะถะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐะป ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต — ะฝะพ ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะฟะพะปััะธะป ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฐัะตััะฐ ััะตัะพะฒ ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ััะพะผ ะณะพะดั. ะัะตะดััะฒะปัะตั ะฟัะตัะตะฝะทะธะธ ะบ ัะพะผั, ััะพ ะดะตะฝะตะณ ะฟัะธัะปะพัั ะถะดะฐัั ััะธ ะณะพะดะฐ, ั ะพัั ะพะฝะธ ะฝะต ะฒัะฟะปะฐัะธะฒะฐะปะธัั ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฐัะตััะฐ ััะตัะพะฒ ะธ ะฟะพะทะธัะธะธ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธั ะธ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััั, ัะพััะพััะตะน ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะดะพะปะถะฝั ะฑััั ะทะฐะฟัะตัะตะฝั ะดะฐะถะต ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะฒัั ะพะดััะธะผ ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ: ะฐัะตัั ััะตัะฐ — ะฝะต ะฟัะตะฟััััะฒะธะต ะดะปั ัะฐะบะธั ะฒัะฟะปะฐั, ะตัะปะธ ะพะฝะพ ัะฐะฝะบัะธะพะฝะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะพ ัะปะตะดััะฒะธะตะผ ะธ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััะพะน. ะะพะปัะฑะตะฒ ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ััะตะฑัะตั ะฒะตัะฝััั ะฒัััะฟะธัะตะปัะฝัะน ะธ ัะปะตะฝัะบะธะต ะฒะทะฝะพัั, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ “ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฝะฐัััะธะป ััะปะพะฒะธั ัะพะณะปะฐัะตะฝะธั”. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะธะทะฝะฐัะฐะปัะฝะพ ะตะผั ะฑัะป ะฟัะธัะฒะพะตะฝ ััะฐััั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะตะณะพ, ะฒ ััะดะต ะถะต ะพะฝ ะฒััััะฟะฐะป ัะถะต ะฒ ััะฐัััะต ัะฒะธะดะตัะตะปั. ะขะฐะบะธั “ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธั ”, ะบะฐะบ ะะพะปัะฑะตะฒ, ะฝะตะผะฐะปะพ, ะพัะผะตัะฐัั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัั: ัะฐะบ, ะพะดะฝะฐ ะธะท ะฟะฐะนัะธั ะฝะฐ ะฝะตะดะฐะฒะฝะตะผ ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธะธ ะพะฑะฒะธะฝะธะปะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฒ ัะพะผ, ััะพ ะพะฝ ะตะน ะฝะต ะฒัะฟะปะฐัะธะป ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ะฟะพ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต, ะฒ ัะพ ะฒัะตะผั ะบะฐะบ ะพะฝะฐ ัะฐะผะฐ ัะธััะตะผะฐัะธัะตัะบะธ ะพัะบะฐะทัะฒะฐะตััั ะฟะพะดัะฒะตัะดะธัั ัะตะบะฒะธะทะธัั ะดะปั ะฟะตัะตัะธัะปะตะฝะธั ััะตะดััะฒ, ะฟะพะปััะฐะตั ะฟะธััะผะฐ ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะพัะฟัะฐะฒะปัะตั ัะฒะตะดะพะผะปะตะฝะธั ะพ ะฟัะพััะตะฝะธะธ, ะฝะพ ะฝะต ะพัะฒะตัะฐะตั ะฝะฐ ะฝะธั . ะกะพััะพัะปะพัั ะดะพะปะณะพะถะดะฐะฝะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฑะธัะฐัะตะปัััะฒะพ ะฟะพ ะฐะฟะตะปะปััะธะพะฝะฝะพะผั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะัะพะบััะฐัััั ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ ะฝะฐ ัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะัะธะผะพััะบะพะณะพ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ััะดะฐ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณะฐ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัััั ัะฝััั ะฐัะตัั ั ะพะดะฝะพะณะพ ะธะท ััะตั ััะตัะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพััั ะฟะพััะธ 4 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน. ะกะตะนัะฐั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ัะฐัะฟะพััะถะฐะตััั ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒะฝะพะฒั ะฟะพัััะฟะธะฒัะธะผะธ ะฝะฐ ััะธ ััะตัะฐ ััะตะดััะฒะฐะผะธ — ะทะฐ ััะตั ััะธั ััะตะดััะฒ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดัั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐะฒัะธะผ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ัะตะผะฟ ะฒัะฟะปะฐั ะบัะฐะนะฝะต ะฝะธะทะบะธะน ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฟัะพะฒะตัะพะบ ะบะฐะถะดะพะณะพ ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะฐ ะ ะพััะธะฝะผะพะฝะธัะพัะธะฝะณะพะผ ะธ ะฑะฐะฝะบะฐะผะธ. ะัะพะผะต ัะพะณะพ, ะฟะพ ัะตัะตะฝะธั ััะดะฐ ะฟัะพะธัั ะพะดัั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั ั ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ััะตะดััะฒ ะฟะพ ะธัะฟะพะปะฝะธัะตะปัะฝัะผ ะปะธััะฐะผ ัะตะผ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะบัะพ ัะตัะธะป ะฝะต ะถะดะฐัั ะฒัะฟะปะฐั, ะฐ ะฟัะตะดััะฒะธะป ะธ ะฒัะธะณัะฐะป ะธัะบะธ ะบ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒั ะพ ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะต ััะตะดััะฒ, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต ะฝะฐะปะพะณะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะทะฐัะฟะปะฐัั ะตะณะพ ะฟะตััะพะฝะฐะปั. ะะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ั ะพะดะฐัะฐะนััะฒะพะฒะฐะป ะฟะตัะตะด ััะดะพะผ ะพ ะฟะพะปะฝะพะผ ัะฝััะธะธ ะฐัะตััะฐ ั ะพะดะฝะพะณะพ ะธะท ััะตัะพะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ — ัะฐะผัั ะผะฐะปะตะฝัะบะธั , ะฒ ะฑะฐะฝะบะต ะะกะ, ะฝะฐ ะฑะพะปะตะต ัะตะผ 600 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน, ััะพะฑั ะณะฐัะฐะฝัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฝะพ ัะฐัััะธัะฐัััั ัะพ ะฒัะตะผะธ ะฟัะธะผะตัะฝะพ 2000 ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฟะพะดะฐะปะธ ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, — ะฝะต ะทะฐะฒะธัะตัั ะพั ะฒะพะทะฒัะฐัะฝัั ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะตะน ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ, ะบะพัะพััะต ะธะท-ะทะฐ ะฐัะตััะฐ ััะตัะพะฒ ะฑัะปะธ ะทะฐัััะดะฝะตะฝั ะธ ัะตะนัะฐั ะพัััะตััะฒะปััััั ั ะทะฐะดะตัะถะบะฐะผะธ — ั ะบะพัะพััะผะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะฑะพัะตััั, ะฝะพ ะฑััััะพ ััะธ ะฟะปะฐัะตะถะธ ะฒ ะฝัะถะฝะพะผ ะพะฑัะตะผะต ะฒััะด ะปะธ ัะผะพะถะตั ะฟะพะปััะธัั. ะ ะตัะตะฝะธะต ััะดะฐ ะฟะตัะฒะพะน ะธะฝััะฐะฝัะธะธ ะพ ัะฝััะธะธ ะฐัะตััะฐ ะฑัะปะพ ะฒ ะฐะฟัะตะปะต, ะฝะฐะทะฝะฐัะตะฝะธะต ัะฐััะผะพััะตะฝะธั ะฐะฟะตะปะปััะธะธ ะฒ ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณัะบะพะผ ะณะพัะพะดัะบะพะผ ััะดะต ะบัะฐะนะฝะต ะทะฐััะฝัะปะพัั ะธะท-ะทะฐ ัะพะณะพ, ััะพ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััะฐ ะดะพะฑะฐะฒะธะปะฐ ะบ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะผั ะฐะฟะตะปะปััะธะพะฝะฝะพะผั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั ะดะพะฟะพะปะฝะธัะตะปัะฝะพะต — ัะฐััะผะพััะตะฝะธะต ัะพััะพัะปะพัั ัะพะปัะบะพ ะฒ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะต ะธัะปั. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ัะถะต ะฒ ัะฐะผะพะผ ะทะฐัะตะดะฐะฝะธะธ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััะฐ ะดะพะฑะฐะฒะธะปะฐ ะฝะพะฒัะต ะดะพะฒะพะดั, ะทะฐัะฒะธะฒ, ััะพ ะฒ ัะตะตัััะต ะฒัะฟะปะฐั, ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะปะตะฝะฝะพะผ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะพะผ ะตัะต ะฒ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะต 2025 ะณะพะดะฐ, ะธะท 773 ัััะพะบ ะฟะพ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะฐะผ, ะบะพัะพััะผ ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะตะดะตะฝั ะฒัะฟะปะฐัั, ะธะผะตัััั 14 ัััะพะบ, ะฒ ะบะพัะพััั ัะธะณััะธััะตั ะพะดะธะฝ ะธะท ะฟะพะดััะดะธะผัั — ะัะดัะธะฝ, ะฐ ัะฐะบะถะต 13 ะปะธั, ะบะพัะพััะต ะฝะฐะทัะฒะฐะปะธัั ะปะธัะฐะผะธ, ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัะผะธ ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ, ะฒ ัะฐะผะบะฐั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะณะพ ะฟัะพัะตััะฐ ะบะฐะบ ะปะธัะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะผ ะฟะตัะตะดะฐะฒะฐะปะธัั ะดะตะฝัะณะธ ะดะปั ะบะพะผะฟะฐะฝะธะธ “ะะตัะผะตั”. ะัะพะบััะฐัััั ะฒะพะทะผััะธะปะพ ัะพ, ััะพ ะปะธัะฐ, ะบะพัะพััะต, ะฒะพะทะผะพะถะฝะพ, ะฒะธะฝะพะฒะฝั ะฒ ั ะธัะตะฝะธัั , ะฟะพะปััะธะปะธ ััะตะดััะฒะฐ ัะฐะฝััะต ะปะธั, ะฟัะธะทะฝะฐะฝะฝัั ะฟะพัะตัะฟะตะฒัะธะผะธ. ะัะธ ััะพะผ ะัะดัะธะฝ ะฝะฐะฟะธัะฐะป ะทะฐัะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะพ ะฒัั ะพะดะต ะธะท ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะตัะต ะดะพ ัะพะณะพ, ะบะฐะบ ะฑัะป ะฟัะธะฒะปะตัะตะฝ ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะต ะดะตะปะพ, ะธ ะฝะธ ะฝะฐ ะบะฐะบะธะต ะตะณะพ ะฐะบัะธะฒั ะฐัะตัั ะฝะต ะฝะฐะบะปะฐะดัะฒะฐะปัั. ะกะฐะฝะบั-ะะตัะตัะฑััะณัะบะธะน ะณะพัะพะดัะบะพะน ััะด ัะพะณะปะฐัะธะปัั ั ะดะพะฒะพะดะฐะผะธ ะฟัะพะบััะฐัััั, ะพัะผะตะฝะธะฒ ัะตัะตะฝะธะต ััะดะฐ ะฟะตัะฒะพะน ะธะฝััะฐะฝัะธะธ ะฒ ัะฐััะธ ัะฝััะธั ะฐัะตััะฐ ัะพ ััะตัะฐ — ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะพะฝ ะฝะต ะฟะพะดะฒะตัะณ ัะพะผะฝะตะฝะธั ัะตะทะธั, ะฝะฐ ะบะพัะพัะพะผ ะฑัะปะพ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฐะฝะพ ััะพ ัะตัะตะฝะธะต ะัะธะผะพััะบะพะณะพ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ััะดะฐ: ะฝะตัะพัะฐะทะผะตัะฝะพััั ะพะฑัะตะน ััะผะผั ััะตัะฑะฐ ะฒ ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผ ะดะตะปะต — 282 ะผะปะฝ ััะฑะปะตะน ะธ ะพะฑัะตะน ััะผะผั ะฐัะตััะพะฒะฐะฝะฝัั ััะตะดััะฒ ัะพะปัะบะพ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะบะฐะบ ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะพะณะพ ะพัะฒะตััะธะบะฐ ะฟะพ ะดะฐะฝะฝะพะผั ัะณะพะปะพะฒะฝะพะผั ะดะตะปั — ะฟะพััะธ 4 ะผะปัะด ััะฑะปะตะน (ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะตััั ะตัะต ะฐัะตััั ััะตะดััะฒ ะดััะณะธั ะปะธั). ะ ัะฐะผะพะผ ะบะพะฝัะต ะธัะปั ะัะธะผะพััะบะธะผ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝัะผ ััะดะพะผ ะฑัะดะตั ัะถะต ัะฐััะผะฐััะธะฒะฐัััั ะฟัะพะดะปะตะฝะธะต ะธะปะธ ะฝะตะฟัะพะดะปะตะฝะธะต ะฐัะตััะพะฒ ััะตะดััะฒ ะฝะฐ ััะตัะฐั ะฝะฐ ะฝะพะฒัะน ััะตั ะผะตัััะฝัะน ััะพะบ — ะธ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒ ะพะฟััั ะฑัะดะตั ั ะพะดะฐัะฐะนััะฒะพะฒะฐัั ะพ ัะฝััะธะธ ะฐัะตััะฐ ัะพ ััะตัะฐ ะฒ ะฑะฐะฝะบะต ะะกะ. ะ ะัะธะผะพััะบะพะผ ัะฐะนะพะฝะฝะพะผ ััะดะต ะฝะฐัะฐะปะพัั ัะฐะบะถะต ะฝะพะฒะพะต ะณัะฐะถะดะฐะฝัะบะพะต ะดะตะปะพ — ะฟะพ ะธัะบั ะฟะฐะนัะธัั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะะพัะพะฝะธะฝะพะน ะบ ะฟะฐะนัะธะบั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ, ะพะฑััะฒะปัััะตะผั ัะตะฑั ะตะณะพ ะฐะปััะตัะฝะฐัะธะฒะฝัะผ ะฟัะตะดัะตะดะฐัะตะปะตะผ, ะะตะพัะณะธั ะะพะธัะตะตะฒั, ัะฐะฝะตะต ะฐะบัะธะฒะธััั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ ะธ ะบะพะพัะดะธะฝะฐัะพัั ะฟัะพะณัะฐะผะผั ะฟะพ ะฟัะพะฒะตะดะตะฝะธั ัะตะณะธะพะฝะฐะปัะฝัั ะผะธัะธะฝะณะพะฒ ะฒ ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะบั ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ. ะกัะดะตะฑะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฑะธัะฐัะตะปัััะฒะพ ะฟะพ ัััะตััะฒั ะฝะฐัะฝะตััั ะฒ ัะตะฝััะฑัะต, ััะดัั ะฟะพััะตะฑะพะฒะฐะป ะพั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัะตะปะตะน ะะพะธัะตะตะฒะฐ ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัั ะฟะตัะฒะธัะฝัะต ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั ะพ ัะบะพะฑั ะฟัะพะฒะตะดะตะฝะฝะพะผ (ะฑะตะท ัะตัะตะฝะธั ัะพะฒะตัะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฐ) ะณะพะปะพัะพะฒะฐะฝะธะธ ะฟะพ ะฒัะฑะพัะฐะผ ะฝะพะฒัั ัะฟะพะปะฝะพะผะพัะตะฝะฝัั , ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะตะณะพ ััะธัั ัะพะพะฑัะธะป, ััะพ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั — ะฝะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝัั ััะฐััะบะฐั . ะัะตะดัะตะดะฐัะตะปัะผ ัะฐะผะพัะธะฝะฝัั ะบะพะผะธััะธะน ะฟะพ ะฟะตัะตะฒัะฑะพัะฐะผ, ัะบะพะฑั ะฟัะพัะตะดัะธะผ ะฒะตัะฝะพะน ะฝะฐ 13 ะธะท 14 ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝัั ััะฐััะบะพะฒ, ะฟัะธะดะตััั ะฟัะตะดััะฐะฒะธัั ะฟะตัะฒะธัะฝัะต ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัั, ะฑัะปะปะตัะตะฝะธ ะดะปั ะณะพะปะพัะพะฒะฐะฝะธั, ะฟัะธ ััะพะผ ะพะฑัะตะต ัะธัะปะพ ะณะพะปะพัะพะฒะฐะฒัะธั ะดะพะปะถะฝะพ ะฑััั ะฝะต ะผะตะฝะตะต 7,5 ััั., ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะฒ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะต — 15 ััั. ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะฒ. (ะะฐ ะพะดะฝะพะผ ะธะท ััะฐััะบะพะฒ — ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝะพะผ ััะฐััะบะต (ะะฃ) โ 7: ะธัะบัััะบะพ-ะฑัััััะบะพ-ะทะฐะฑะฐะนะบะฐะปััะบะพะผ — ะณััะฟะฟะฐ ะะพะธัะตะตะฒะฐ ะฟัะพะฒะพะดะธัั ะณะพะปะพัะพะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฝะต ัะตัะธะปะฐัั, ัะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ะตัะต ะฒ ะฝะฐัะฐะปะต ะณะพะดะฐ ะพะดะฝะฐ ะธะท ะฟะฐะนัะธั ะฟะพะดะฐะปะฐ ะฟัะพัะธะฒ ะะพะธัะตะตะฒะฐ ะธัะบ ะพ ะฝะตะทะฐะบะพะฝะฝัั ะดะตะนััะฒะธัั ะฒ ะธัะบัััะบะธะน ััะด, ะบะพัะพััะน ัะตะนัะฐั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฝะพ ัะฐััะผะฐััะธะฒะฐะตััั.) ะ ััะด ั ะฟะตัะฒะธัะฝัะผะธ ะดะพะบัะผะตะฝัะฐะผะธ, ะบะฐะบ ะฟะพะดัะตัะบะธะฒะฐัั ะฐะดะฒะพะบะฐัั, ะฟัะธะดะตััั ัะฒะธัััั ะฟัะตะดัะตะดะฐัะตะปัะผ “ะบะพะผะธััะธะน ะฟะพ ะฟัะพะฒะตะดะตะฝะธั ะณะพะปะพัะพะฒะฐะฝะธะน ะฝะฐ ะบะพะพะฟะตัะฐัะธะฒะฝัั ััะฐััะบะฐั ”: ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 1 — ะััะพั ะธะฝะพะน ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 2 — ะะฐะบัะฝ ะ. ะ.,ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 3 — ะะพะธัะตะตะฒั ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 4 — ะะตัะตะปะบะพะฒั ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 5 — ะกะตะดะฐะบะพะฒะพะน ะ. ะค. (ะธะฝัะตัะตัะฝะพ, ััะพ ะพะฝะฐ ะฝะต ัะฒะปัะตััั ะฟะฐะนัะธะบะพะผ);ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 8 — ะัะตััะตะฒะพะน ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 9 — ะคะตะดะพัะพะฒะพะน ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 10 — ะกะบะฒะพััะพะฒะพะน ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 11 — ะฅะพะดะพัะพะฒัะบะพะน ะ. ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 12 — ะขััััะตะฒั ะก. ะ .;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 13 — ะ ัะทะฐะฟะพะฒะพะน ะ . ะ.;ะฝะฐ ะะฃ โ 14 — ะะพัะพะดัะธะบะพะฒะพะน ะ. ะ.ะะพะฝะตั ะธัะปั, ะฐะฒะณััั ะธ ัะตะฝััะฑัั ะพะฑะตัะฐัั ะฑััั ะถะฐัะบะธะผะธ ะพั ััะดะตะฑะฝัั ะฑะฐัะฐะปะธะน.